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Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can outperform dense large language models at similar computation by activating only a small set of experts per token. However, stacking many expert modules introduces substantial parameter memory,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xin He , Shunkang Zhang , Kaijie Tang , Shaohuai Shi , Yuxin Wang , Zihao Zeng , Zhenheng Tang , Xiaowen Chu , Haiyan Yin , Ivor W. Tsang , Yew Soon Ong

Federated fine-tuning of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based large language models (LLMs) is challenging due to their massive computational requirements and the resource constraints of participants. Existing working attempts to fill this gap…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fahao Chen , Jie Wan , Peng Li , Zhou Su , Dongxiao Yu

In this study we present a Deep Mixture of Experts (DMoE) neural-network architecture for single microphone speech enhancement. By contrast to most speech enhancement algorithms that overlook the speech variability mainly caused by phoneme…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Shlomo E. Chazan , Jacob Goldberger , Sharon Gannot

Recent advances in deep learning and large language models (LLMs) have facilitated the deployment of the mixture-of-experts (MoE) mechanism in the stock investment domain. While these models have demonstrated promising trading performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Kuan-Ming Liu , Ming-Chih Lo

Vision Transformers have emerged as the state-of-the-art models in various Computer Vision tasks, but their high computational and resource demands pose significant challenges. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) can make these models more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Uranik Berisha , Jens Mehnert , Alexandru Paul Condurache

The sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) transformer has become a common architecture for large language models (LLMs) due to its sparsity, which requires fewer computational demands while easily scaling the model size. In MoE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

The deployment of mixture-of-experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their high memory demands. These challenges become even more pronounced in multi-tenant environments, where shared resources must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 HamidReza Imani , Jiaxin Peng , Peiman Mohseni , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

Multilevel data are prevalent in many real-world applications. However, it remains an open research problem to identify and justify a class of models that flexibly capture a wide range of multilevel data. Motivated by the versatility of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Tsz Chai Fung , Spark C. Tseung

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has emerged as a critical paradigm for collaborative model training in privacy-sensitive domains such as finance and healthcare. However, most existing VFL frameworks rely on the idealized assumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jon Irureta , Gorka Azkune , Jon Imaz , Aizea Lojo , Javier Fernandez-Marques

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a popular architecture for scaling large models. However, the rapidly growing scale outpaces model training on a single DC, driving a shift toward a more flexible, cross-DC training paradigm. Under this,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Ningke Li , Yanqi Pan , Qiyang Zheng , Wen Xia , Shiyi Li , Qiang Wang

Mixture-of-experts networks (MoEs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in modern deep learning. Despite their empirical success, the theoretical foundations underlying their ability to model complex tasks remain poorly understood. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingze Wang , Weinan E

Scaling Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training introduces systems challenges absent in dense models. Because each token activates only a subset of experts, this sparsity allows total parameters to grow much faster than per-token computation,…

Mixup is the latest data augmentation technique that linearly interpolates input examples and the corresponding labels. It has shown strong effectiveness in image classification by interpolating images at the pixel level. Inspired by this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Lichao Sun , Congying Xia , Wenpeng Yin , Tingting Liang , Philip S. Yu , Lifang He

Mixture of Experts (MoEs) have become a central component of many state-of-the-art open-source and proprietary large language models. Despite their widespread adoption, it remains unclear how close existing MoE architectures are to optimal…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures in large language models (LLMs) achieve exceptional performance, but face prohibitive storage and memory requirements. To address these challenges, we present $D^2$-MoE, a new delta decompression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hao Gu , Wei Li , Lujun Li , Qiyuan Zhu , Mark Lee , Shengjie Sun , Wei Xue , Yike Guo

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

Deep neural network (DNN) inference at the edge demands simultaneous improvements in accuracy, computational efficiency, and energy consumption. Approximate computing and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have each been studied as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Omkar B Shende , Marcello Traiola , Gayathri Ananthanarayanan

Scaling the size of a model enhances its capabilities but significantly increases computation complexity. Mixture-of-Experts models (MoE) address the issue by allowing model size to scale up without substantially increasing training or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Xue Bai , Xing Wu , Yizhe Xiong , Haoran Lian , Guangyuan Ma , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is an advanced model architecture in the industry that combines multiple specialized expert models from various domains into a single supermodel. This approach enables the model to scale without significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jingming Guo , Yan Liu , Yu Meng , Zhiwei Tao , Banglan Liu , Gang Chen , Xiang Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown strong potential in scaling language models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. However, their widespread deployment remains limited due to the high memory overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yushu Zhao , Zheng Wang , Minjia Zhang
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