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Evaluating conversational systems in multi-turn settings remains a fundamental challenge. Conventional pipelines typically rely on manually defined rubrics and fixed conversational context$-$a static approach that limits coverage and fails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yunzhe Li , Richie Yueqi Feng , Tianxin Wei , Chin-Chia Hsu

Conversational Recommender System (CRS) interacts with users through natural language to understand their preferences and provide personalized recommendations in real-time. CRS has demonstrated significant potential, prompting researchers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lixi Zhu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Existing conversational systems are mostly agent-centric, which assumes the user utterances would closely follow the system ontology (for NLU or dialogue state tracking). However, in real-world scenarios, it is highly desirable that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Zhiyu Chen , Honglei Liu , Hu Xu , Seungwhan Moon , Hao Zhou , Bing Liu

We present an approach to rapidly and easily build natural language interfaces to databases for new domains, whose performance improves over time based on user feedback, and requires minimal intervention. To achieve this, we adapt neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Srinivasan Iyer , Ioannis Konstas , Alvin Cheung , Jayant Krishnamurthy , Luke Zettlemoyer

There are several dialog frameworks which allow manual specification of intents and rule based dialog flow. The rule based framework provides good control to dialog designers at the expense of being more time consuming and laborious. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Dhiraj Madan , Sachindra Joshi

Query reformulation aims to alter noisy or ambiguous text sequences into coherent ones closer to natural language questions. This is to prevent errors from propagating in a client-facing pipeline and promote better communication with users.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jerry Zikun Chen , Shi Yu , Haoran Wang

Training conversational recommender systems (CRS) requires extensive dialogue data, which is challenging to collect at scale. To address this, researchers have used simulated user-recommender conversations. Traditional simulation approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jerome Ramos , Feng Xia , Xi Wang , Shubham Chatterjee , Xiao Fu , Hossein A. Rahmani , Aldo Lipani

We frame Question Answering (QA) as a Reinforcement Learning task, an approach that we call Active Question Answering. We propose an agent that sits between the user and a black box QA system and learns to reformulate questions to elicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Christian Buck , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita , Wojciech Gajewski , Andrea Gesmundo , Neil Houlsby , Wei Wang

Recommender systems are one of the most successful applications of machine learning and data science. They are successful in a wide variety of application domains, including e-commerce, media streaming content, email marketing, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Juan Pablo Equihua , Maged Ali , Henrik Nordmark , Berthold Lausen

Recently, large language models have facilitated the emergence of highly intelligent conversational AI capable of engaging in human-like dialogues. However, a notable distinction lies in the fact that these AI models predominantly generate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jijie Zhou , Yuhan Hu

Current works in the generation of personalized dialogue primarily contribute to the agent presenting a consistent personality and driving a more informative response. However, we found that the generated responses from most previous models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Itsugun Cho , Dongyang Wang , Ryota Takahashi , Hiroaki Saito

User simulation is increasingly vital to develop and evaluate recommender systems (RSs). While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising avenues to simulate user behavior, they often struggle with the absence of specific task alignment…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Tianjun Wei , Huizhong Guo , Yingpeng Du , Zhu Sun , Huang Chen , Dongxia Wang , Jie Zhang

Conversational AI assistants are becoming popular and question-answering is an important part of any conversational assistant. Using relevant utterances as features in question-answering has shown to improve both the precision and recall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Soham Parikh , Quaizar Vohra , Mitul Tiwari

Prompting-based conversational query reformulation has emerged as a powerful approach for conversational search, refining ambiguous user queries into standalone search queries. Best-of-N reformulation over the generated candidates via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yilong Lai , Jialong Wu , Zhenglin Wang , Deyu Zhou

Conversational search seeks to retrieve relevant passages for the given questions in conversational question answering. Conversational Query Reformulation (CQR) improves conversational search by refining the original queries into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jeonghyun Park , Hwanhee Lee

Context: Recent research indicates that Web queries written by software developers are not very successful in retrieving relevant results, performing measurably worse compared to general purpose Web queries. Most approaches up to this point…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Mia Mohammad Imran , Kostadin Damevski

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in machine learning systems that can provide a human-understandable rationale for their predictions or decisions. However, exactly what kinds of explanation are truly human-interpretable remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Isaac Lage , Emily Chen , Jeffrey He , Menaka Narayanan , Been Kim , Sam Gershman , Finale Doshi-Velez

A key distinguishing feature of conversational recommender systems over traditional recommender systems is their ability to elicit user preferences using natural language. Currently, the predominant approach to preference elicitation is to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Ivica Kostric , Krisztian Balog , Filip Radlinski

Research and development on conversational recommender systems (CRSs) critically depends on sound and reliable evaluation methodologies. However, the interactive nature of these systems poses significant challenges for automatic evaluation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang