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The trustworthiness of AI decision-making systems is increasingly important. A key feature of such systems is the ability to provide recommendations for how an individual may reverse a negative decision, a problem known as algorithmic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Drago Plecko , Collin Wang , Elias Bareinboim

Computational analysis of time-course data with an underlying causal structure is needed in a variety of domains, including neural spike trains, stock price movements, and gene expression levels. However, it can be challenging to determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Samantha Kleinberg , Bud Mishra

We show in detail how to determine the time-reversed representation of a stationary hidden stochastic process from linear combinations of its forward-time $\epsilon$-machine causal states. This also gives a check for the $k$-cryptic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-06-30 John R. Mahoney , Christopher J. Ellison , James P. Crutchfield

The dynamics of an open quantum system can be described by a quantum operation, a linear, complete positive map of operators. Here, I exhibit a compact expression for the time reversal of a quantum operation, which is closely analogous to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-03 Gavin E. Crooks

This paper studies causal discovery in irregularly sampled time series-a key challenge in risk-sensitive domains like finance, healthcare, and climate science, where missing data and inconsistent sampling frequencies distort causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weihong Li , Baohong Li , Anpeng Wu , Zhihan Li , Ming Ma , Keting Yin , Kun Kuang

Using symmetric boundary conditions at separated times, I show analytically that both the time ordering of (macroscopic) causality and the direction of entropy increase follow from these boundary conditions. In particular, when the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. S. Schulman

Theoretical developments in sequential Bayesian analysis of multivariate dynamic models underlie new methodology for causal prediction. This extends the utility of existing models with computationally efficient methodology, enabling routine…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-05 Kevin Li , Graham Tierney , Christoph Hellmayr , Mike West

Historically time-reversibility of the transitions or processes underpinning Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) has played a key r\^ole in their development, while the self-adjointness of associated operators together with the use of…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Christophe Andrieu , Samuel Livingstone

Reversible computation opens up the possibility of overcoming some of the hardware's current physical limitations. It also offers theoretical insights, as it enriches multiple paradigms and models of computation, and sometimes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Clément Aubert , Ioana Cristescu

Concurrent systems identify systems, either software, hardware or even biological systems, that are characterized by sets of independent actions that can be executed in any order or simultaneously. Computer scientists resort to a causal…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-03-07 Silvia Crafa , Federica Russo

In a causal world the direction of the time arrow dictates how past causal events in a variable $X$ produce future effects in $Y$. $X$ is said to cause an effect in $Y$, if the predictability (uncertainty) about the future states of $Y$…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2018-07-24 Ezequiel Bianco-Martinez , Murilo S. Baptista

This manuscript contributes a general and practical framework for casting a Markov process model of a system at equilibrium as a structural causal model, and carrying out counterfactual inference. Markov processes mathematically describe…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-07 Robert Osazuwa Ness , Kaushal Paneri , Olga Vitek

Synchronization of chaos arises between coupled dynamical systems and is very well understood as a temporal phenomena which leads the coupled systems to converge or develop a dependence with time. In this work, we provide a complementary…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Aditi Kathpalia , Nithin Nagaraj

We study categories for reversible computing, focussing on reversible forms of event structures. Event structures are a well-established model of true concurrency. There exist a number of forms of event structures, including prime event…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Eva Graversen , Iain Phillips , Nobuko Yoshida

It can be argued that the ordinary description of the reversible quantum process between two one-to-one correlated measurement outcomes is incomplete because, by not specifying the direction of causality, it allows causal structures that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Giuseppe Castagnoli

Stochastic models such as Continuous-Time Markov Chains (CTMC) and Stochastic Hybrid Automata (SHA) are powerful formalisms to model and to reason about the dynamics of biological systems, due to their ability to capture the stochasticity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-09-05 Ezio Bartocci , Luca Bortolussi , Laura Nenzi , Guido Sanguinetti

In the paper we consider an interesting possibility of a time as a stochastic process in quantum mechanics.In order to do it we reconsider time as a mechanical quantity in classical mechanics and afterwards we quantize it. We consider…

General Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 M. W. Kalinowski

In stochastic thermodynamics, the entropy production of a thermodynamic system is defined by the irreversibility measured by the logarithm of the ratio of the path probabilities in the forward and reverse processes. We derive the relation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-14 Hyun-Myung Chun , Jae Dong Noh

Many regenerative arguments in stochastic processes use random times which are akin to stopping times, but which are determined by the future as well as the past behaviour of the process of interest. Such arguments based on "conditioning on…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-10-09 Sergey Foss , Stan Zachary

Causal-consistent reversibility is the reference notion of reversibility for concurrency. We introduce a modular framework for defining causal-consistent reversible extensions of concurrent models and languages. We show how our framework…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Alexis Bernadet , Ivan Lanese