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This paper introduces tools for assessing the sensitivity, to unobserved confounding, of a common estimator of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome that employs weights: the weighted linear regression of the outcome on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-06 Leonard Wainstein , Chad Hazlett

Prostate cancer diagnosis through MR imaging have currently relied on radiologists' interpretation, whilst modern AI-based methods have been developed to detect clinically significant cancers independent of radiologists. In this study, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Xiangcen Wu , Yipei Wang , Qianye Yang , Natasha Thorley , Shonit Punwani , Veeru Kasivisvanathan , Ester Bonmati , Yipeng Hu

Overweight and obesity remain a major global public health concern and identifying the individualized patterns that increase the risk of future weight gains has a crucial role in preventing obesity and numerous sub-sequent diseases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Mina Samizadeh , Jessica C Jones-Smith , Bethany Sheridan , Rahmatollah Beheshti

The development of high-throughput sequencing and targeted therapies has led to the emergence of personalized medicine: a patient's molecular profile or the presence of a specific biomarker of drug response will correspond to a treatment…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-27 Jonas Béal , Aurélien Latouche

This paper presents a general difference-in-differences framework for identifying path-dependent treatment effects when treatment histories are partially observed. We introduce a novel robust estimator that adjusts for missing histories…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-18 Akanksha Negi , Didier Nibbering

This paper addresses patient heterogeneity associated with prediction problems in biomedical applications. We propose a systematic hypothesis testing approach to determine the existence of patient subgroup structure and the number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-08 Xu Gao , Weining Shen , Jing Ning , Ziding Feng , Jianhua Hu

In a data-scarce field such as healthcare, where models often deliver predictions on patients with rare conditions, the ability to measure the uncertainty of a model's prediction could potentially lead to improved effectiveness of decision…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-26 Lotta Meijerink , Giovanni Cinà , Michele Tonutti

Clinical trials are a systematic endeavor to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs or treatments. Conducting such trials typically demands significant financial investment and meticulous planning, highlighting the need for accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Tien Huu Do , Antoine Masquelier , Nae Eoun Lee , Jonathan Crowther

Large datasets are often affected by cell-wise outliers in the form of missing or erroneous data. However, discarding any samples containing outliers may result in a dataset that is too small to accurately estimate the covariance matrix.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Karim Lounici , Grégoire Pacreau

We study identification and estimation of causal effects in settings with panel data. Traditionally researchers follow model-based identification strategies relying on assumptions governing the relation between the potential outcomes and…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-18 Dmitry Arkhangelsky , Guido W. Imbens

Background and objective: Uncertainty quantification is a pivotal field that contributes to realizing reliable and robust systems. It becomes instrumental in fortifying safe decisions by providing complementary information, particularly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Jamil Fayyad , Shadi Alijani , Homayoun Najjaran

Deep learning techniques show success in detecting objects in medical images, but still suffer from false-positive predictions that may hinder accurate diagnosis. The estimated uncertainty of the neural network output has been used to flag…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-03 Ishaan Bhat , Josien P. W. Pluim , Max A. Viergever , Hugo J. Kuijf

The central aim in this paper is to address variable selection questions in nonlinear and nonparametric regression. Motivated by statistical genetics, where nonlinear interactions are of particular interest, we introduce a novel and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-28 Lorin Crawford , Seth R. Flaxman , Daniel E. Runcie , Mike West

When drawing causal inferences about the effects of multiple treatments on clustered survival outcomes using observational data, we need to address implications of the multilevel data structure, multiple treatments, censoring and unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-18 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Ronald D. Ennis , Joseph W. Hogan

Early detection of clinical outcomes such as cancer may be predicted based on longitudinal biomarker measurements. Tracking longitudinal biomarkers as a way to identify early disease onset may help to reduce mortality from diseases like…

Precision oncology aims to prescribe the optimal cancer treatment to the right patients, maximizing therapeutic benefits. However, identifying patient subgroups that may benefit more from experimental cancer treatments based on randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Xingyu Li , Qing Liu , Tony Jiang , Hong Amy Xia , Peng Wei , Brian P. Hobbs

Machine-learning-assisted cancer subtyping is a promising avenue in digital pathology. Cancer subtyping models, however, require careful training using expert annotations so that they can be inferred with a degree of known certainty (or…

In biomedical studies it is of substantial interest to develop risk prediction scores using high-dimensional data such as gene expression data for clinical endpoints that are subject to censoring. In the presence of well-established…

Applications · Statistics 2011-11-24 Qi Long , Matthias Chung , Carlos S. Moreno , Brent A. Johnson

Motivation: Microarray data has been recently been shown to be efficacious in distinguishing closely related cell types that often appear in the diagnosis of cancer. It is useful to determine the minimum number of genes needed to do such a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. M. Deutsch

We propose novel estimators for categorical and continuous treatments by using an optimal covariate balancing strategy for inverse probability weighting. The resulting estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Seong-ho Lee , Yanyuan Ma , Xavier de Luna