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Motivation: Gene selection has become a common task in most gene expression studies. The objective of such research is often to identify the smallest possible set of genes that can still achieve good predictive performance. The problem of…

Background: The high dimensionality of radiomic feature sets, the variability in radiomic feature types and potentially high computational requirements all underscore the need for an effective method to identify the smallest set of…

In this paper, we present an uncertainty-aware INVASE to quantify predictive confidence of healthcare problem. By introducing learnable Gaussian distributions, we lever-age their variances to measure the degree of uncertainty. Based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Jia-Xing Zhong , Hongbo Zhang

Over the past decades, statisticians and machine-learning researchers have developed literally thousands of new tools for the reduction of high-dimensional data in order to identify the variables most responsible for a particular trait.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-05-31 Chamont Wang , Jana Gevertz , Chaur-Chin Chen , Leonardo Auslender

There is tremendous interest in precision medicine as a means to improve patient outcomes by tailoring treatment to individual characteristics. An individualized treatment rule formalizes precision medicine as a map from patient information…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-28 Daniel J. Luckett , Eric B. Laber , Michael R. Kosorok

Empirical researchers often use diagnostic checks to assess the plausibility of their modeling assumptions, such as testing for covariate balance in RCTs, pre-trends in event studies, or instrument validity in IV designs. While these checks…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-21 Reca Sarfati , Vod Vilfort

A new empirical Bayes approach to variable selection in the context of generalized linear models is developed. The proposed algorithm scales to situations in which the number of putative explanatory variables is very large, possibly much…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-29 Haim Bar , James Booth , Martin T. Wells

Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique handling because they are usually incompletely observed due to right-censoring. A ``once for all'' approach for causal inference with survival outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-21 Shuxi Zeng , Fan Li , Liangyuan Hu , Fan Li

The widespread availability of high-dimensional biological data has made the simultaneous screening of many biological characteristics a central problem in computational biology and allied sciences. While the dimensionality of such datasets…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-10 Nima S. Hejazi , Philippe Boileau , Mark J. van der Laan , Alan E. Hubbard

Causal machine learning holds promise for estimating individual treatment effects from complex data. For successful real-world applications of machine learning methods, it is of paramount importance to obtain reliable insights into which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Joseph Paillard , Angel Reyero Lobo , Vitaliy Kolodyazhniy , Bertrand Thirion , Denis A. Engemann

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the current gold standards to empirically measure the effect of a new drug. However, they may be of limited size and resorting to complementary non-randomized data, referred to as observational, is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-11 Ahmed Boughdiri , Julie Josse , Erwan Scornet

In medical diagnostics, leveraging multiple biomarkers can significantly improve classification accuracy compared to using a single biomarker. While existing methods based on exponential tilting or density ratio models have shown promise,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-08 Fangyong Zheng , Pengfei Li , Tao Yu

Correctly assessing the malignancy of breast lesions identified during ultrasound examinations is crucial for effective clinical decision-making. However, the current "golden standard" relies on manual BI-RADS scoring by clinicians, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Alek Fröhlich , Thiago Ramos , Gustavo Cabello , Isabela Buzatto , Rafael Izbicki , Daniel Tiezzi

One of the key challenges when developing a predictive model is the capability to describe the domain knowledge and the cause-effect relationships in a simple way. Decision rules are a useful and important methodology in this context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Francisco Valente , Jorge Henriques , Simão Paredes , Teresa Rocha , Paulo de Carvalho , João Morais

Dynamic treatment regimes are sequential decision rules that adapt treatment according to individual time-varying characteristics and outcomes to achieve optimal effects, with applications in precision medicine, personalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-24 Yuanshan Gao , Yang Bai , Yifan Cui

We consider the problem of estimating fold-changes in the expected value of a multivariate outcome observed with unknown sample-specific and category-specific perturbations. This challenge arises in high-throughput sequencing studies of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 David S Clausen , Sarah Teichman , Amy D Willis

We consider a patient risk models which has access to patient features such as vital signs, lab values, and prior history but does not have access to a patient's diagnosis. For example, this occurs in a model deployed at intake time for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Alexander Peysakhovich , Rich Caruana , Yin Aphinyanaphongs

Inferring the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome in an observational study requires adjusting for observed baseline confounders to avoid bias. However, adjusting for all observed baseline covariates, when only a subset are…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-04 Wen Wei Loh , Stijn Vansteelandt

In some causal inference scenarios, the treatment variable is measured inaccurately, for instance in epidemiology or econometrics. Failure to correct for the effect of this measurement error can lead to biased causal effect estimates.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Antti Pöllänen , Pekka Marttinen

Evaluating treatment effects is critical in clinical trials but sometimes involves lengthy, invasive, or costly follow-up procedures. In these cases, surrogate markers, which provide intermediate measures of the long-term treatment effect,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Sarah C. Lotspeich , P. D. Anh. Nguyen , Layla Parast