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Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites broadcast at frequencies of 1,575.42 MHz (L1) and of 1,227.60 MHz (L2). The dispersive property of the ionosphere can be used to combine independent measurements at the two frequencies to estimate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ros , J. M. Marcaide , J. C. Guirado , E. Sardon , I. I. Shapiro

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) enables high-angular-resolution observations in astronomy and geodesy by synthesizing a virtual telescope with baselines spanning hundreds to thousands of kilometres. Achieving high instrumental…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Minji Hyun , Changmin Ahn , Junyong Choi , Jihoon Baek , Woosong Jeong , Do-Heung Je , Do-Young Byun , Jan Wagner , Myoung-Sun Heo , Taehyun Jung , Jungwon Kim

In this paper, we describe the principle of a multi-aperture interferometer that uses a phase-shifting technique and is suitable for quick, snapshot imaging of astrophysical objects at extreme angular resolution through Fourier inversion. A…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-28 Francois Henault

Extension of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) to observing wavelengths shorter than 1.3mm provides exceptional angular resolution (~20 micro arcsec) and access to new spectral regimes for the study of astrophysical phenomena. To…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-02 Sheperd Doeleman , Tao Mai , Alan Rogers , John Hartnett , Michael Tobar , Nitin Nand

Results of a pilot project with the participation of the "Kvazar-KVO" radio interferometry array in observations carried out with the European VLBI Network are presented. The aim of the project was to conduct and analyze multi-frequency…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-11-19 P. A. Voitsik , A. B. Pushkarev , Y. Y. Kovalev , A. V. Plavin , A. P. Lobanov , A. V. Ipatov

We present a demonstration of near real-time spacecraft astrometry with the VLBA. We detect the X-band downlink signal from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Odyssey with the VLBA and transmit the data over the internet for correlation at the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 W. Max-Moerbeck , W. F. Brisken , J. D. Romney

The first astrophysical results of the VLTI focal instrument AMBER have shown the importance of the differential and closure phase measures, which are supposed to be much less sensitive to atmospheric and instrumental biases than the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Florentin Millour , Romain Petrov , Martin Vannier , Stefan Kraus

Obtaining pulsar parallaxes via relative astrometry (also known as differential astrometry) yields distances and transverse velocities that can be used to probe properties of the pulsar population and the interstellar medium. Large programs…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-13 A. T. Deller , W. F. Brisken , S. Chatterjee , J. M. Cordes , W. M. Goss , G. H. Janssen , Y. Y. Kovalev , T. J. W. Lazio , L. Petrov , B. W. Stappers

Planetary ephemerides have been developed and improved over centuries. They are a fundamental tool for understanding solar system dynamics, and essential for planetary and small body mass determinations, occultation predictions,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Dayton L. Jones , William M. Folkner , Robert A. Jacobson , Christopher S. Jacobs , Vivek Dhawan , Jon Romney , Ed Fomalont

The modern Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) relativistic delay model, as documented in the IERS Conventions refers to the time epoch when the signal passes one of two stations of an interferometer baseline (selected arbitrarily from…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-22 Oleg Titov , Alexei Melnikov , Yulia Lopez

To accurately link the radio and optical Celestial Reference Frames (CRFs) at optical bright end, i.e., with Gaia G band magnitude < 13, increasing number and improving sky distribution of radio stars with accurate astrometric parameters…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-03 Wen Chen , Bo Zhang , Jingdong Zhang , Jun Yang , Shuangjing Xu , Yan Sun , Xiaofeng Mai , Fengchun Shu , Min Wang

When comparing modern fundamental reference frames in the radio (International Celestial Reference Frame) and optical (Gaia), a couple of bright radio reference sources appear to have very large radio-optical offsets, from tens up to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-14 S. Frey , O. Titov , A. Melnikov , S. Lambert

PSR J0218$+$4232 is a millisecond pulsar (MSP) with a flux density $\sim$ 0.9 mJy at 1.4 GHz. It is very bright in the high-energy X-ray and $\gamma$-ray domains. We conducted an astrometric program using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-12 Yuanjie Du , Jun Yang , Robert M. Campbell , Gemma Janssen , Ben Stappers , Ding Chen

Pulsar positions can be measured with high precision using both pulsar timing methods and very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). Pulsar timing positions are referenced to a solar-system ephemeris, whereas VLBI positions are referenced to…

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) provides the highest-resolution radio intensity maps, crucial for detailed studies of compact sources like active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their relativistic jets. Analyzing jet components in these…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Alfredo Amador-Portes , Eva Palafox , Víctor M. Patiño-Álvarez , Vahram Chavushyan , Andrei P. Lobanov , Sergio A. Dzib

We present in this paper accurate positions of 857 sources derived from the astrometric analysis of 16 eleven-hour experiments from the Very Long Baseline Array imaging and polarimetry survey at 5 GHz (VIPS). Among observed sources,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-22 Leonid Petrov , Gregory Taylor

The conventional approach to high-precision narrow-angle astrometry using a long baseline interferometer is to directly measure the fringe packet separation of a target and a nearby reference star. This is done by means of a technique known…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-25 Y. Kok , M. J. Ireland , A. C. Rizzuto , P. G. Tuthill , J. G. Robertson , B. A. Warrington , W. J. Tango

We propose a probabilistic framework for performing simultaneous estimation of source structure and fringe-fitting parameters in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. As a first step, we demonstrate this technique through…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Iniyan Natarajan , Roger Deane , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Des Small , Mark Kettenis , Zsolt Paragi , Oleg Smirnov , Arpad Szomoru

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations can provide the position of compact radio sources with an accuracy of order 50 micro-arcseconds. This is sufficient to measure the trigonometric parallax and proper motions of any object…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Laurent Loinard

The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to…