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Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for transforming healthcare. However, despite significant advances, the integration of AI solutions into real-world clinical practice remains limited. A major barrier is the quality and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Anna Arias-Duart , Maria Eugenia Cardello , Atia Cortés

Artificial intelligence (AI) models trained using medical images for clinical tasks often exhibit bias in the form of disparities in performance between subgroups. Since not all sources of biases in real-world medical imaging data are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Emma A. M. Stanley , Raissa Souza , Anthony Winder , Vedant Gulve , Kimberly Amador , Matthias Wilms , Nils D. Forkert

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in healthcare delivery, this chapter explores the critical aspects of developing reliable and ethical Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). Beginning with the fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Muhammet Alkan , Idris Zakariyya , Samuel Leighton , Kaushik Bhargav Sivangi , Christos Anagnostopoulos , Fani Deligianni

For doctors to truly trust artificial intelligence, it can't be a black box. They need to understand its reasoning, almost as if they were consulting a colleague. We created HistoLens1 to be that transparent, collaborative partner. It…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Sandeep Vissapragada , Vikrant Sahu , Gagan Raj Gupta , Vandita Singh

Soft-tissue and bone tumours (STBT) are rare, diagnostically challenging lesions with variable clinical behaviours and treatment approaches. This systematic review provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods using…

The Directorate General for Parliamentary Research Services of the European Parliament has prepared a report to the Members of the European Parliament where they enumerate seven main risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine and…

Purpose: Proton therapy provides superior dose conformity compared to photon therapy, but its treatment planning is challenged by sensitivity to anatomical changes, setup/range uncertainties, and computational complexity. This review…

Machine learning is now used in many applications thanks to its ability to predict, generate, or discover patterns from large quantities of data. However, the process of collecting and transforming data for practical use is intricate. Even…

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms using deep learning have advanced the classification of skin disease images; however these algorithms have been mostly applied "in silico" and not validated clinically. Most dermatology AI algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Roxana Daneshjou , Carrie Kovarik , Justin M Ko

Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings advancements to support pathologists in navigating high-resolution tumor images to search for pathology patterns of interest. However, existing AI-assisted tools have not realized this promised potential…

This report represents a roadmap for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based image analysis algorithms into existing Radiology workflows such that: (1) radiologists can significantly benefit from enhanced automation in various…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-16 Engin Dikici , Matthew Bigelow , Luciano M. Prevedello , Richard D. White , Barbaros Selnur Erdal

Radiology reporting generative AI holds significant potential to alleviate clinical workloads and streamline medical care. However, achieving high clinical accuracy is challenging, as radiological images often feature subtle lesions and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yijian Gao , Dominic Marshall , Xiaodan Xing , Junzhi Ning , Giorgos Papanastasiou , Guang Yang , Matthieu Komorowski

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the…

Artificial intelligence has shown significant promise in chest radiography, where deep learning models can approach radiologist-level diagnostic performance. Progress has been accelerated by large public datasets such as MIMIC-CXR,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Amy Rafferty , Ajitha Rajan

Histopathologic Images (HI) are the gold standard for evaluation of some tumors. However, the analysis of such images is challenging even for experienced pathologists, resulting in problems of inter and intra observer. Besides that, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jonathan de Matos , Alceu de Souza Britto , Luiz E. S. Oliveira , Alessandro L. Koerich

Machine Learning has been applied to pathology images in research and clinical practice with promising outcomes. However, standard ML models often lack the rigorous evaluation required for clinical decisions. Machine learning techniques for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-19 Syed Ashar Javed , Dinkar Juyal , Zahil Shanis , Shreya Chakraborty , Harsha Pokkalla , Aaditya Prakash

This paper proposes a statistical framework of using artificial intelligence to improve human decision making. The performance of each human decision maker is benchmarked against that of machine predictions. We replace the diagnoses made by…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-10 Kai Feng , Han Hong , Ke Tang , Jingyuan Wang

Objectives: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare promises to revolutionize patient care, diagnostics, and treatment protocols. Collaborative efforts among healthcare systems, research institutions, and industry are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiancheng Ye , Michelle Ma , Malak Abuhashish

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the drug discovery process, offering improved efficiency, accuracy, and speed. However, the successful application of AI is dependent on the availability of high-quality data,…

In this report a framework for the collection of clinical images and data for use when training and validating artificial intelligence (AI) tools is described. The report contains not only information about the collection of the images and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Alistair Mackenzie , Mark Halling-Brown , Ruben van Engen , Carlijn Roozemond , Lucy Warren , Dominic Ward , Nadia Smith