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This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation into the parameterized complexity of explanation problems in various machine learning (ML) models. Contrary to the prevalent black-box perception, our study focuses on models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Sebastian Ordyniak , Giacomo Paesani , Mateusz Rychlicki , Stefan Szeider

Across various sectors applications of eXplainableAI (XAI) gained momentum as the increasing black-boxedness of prevailing Machine Learning (ML) models became apparent. In parallel, Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly developed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jonas Bokstaller , Julia Altheimer , Julian Dormehl , Alina Buss , Jasper Wiltfang , Johannes Schneider , Maximilian Röglinger

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly progressing field of machine learning, aiming to unravel the predictions of complex models. XAI is especially required in sensitive applications, e.g. in health care, when diagnosis,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Alena Kalyakulina , Igor Yusipov , Alexey Moskalev , Claudio Franceschi , Mikhail Ivanchenko

In inaccessible environments with uncertain task demands, robots often rely on general-purpose tools that lack predefined usage strategies. These tools are not tailored for particular operations, making their longevity highly sensitive to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Po-Yen Wu , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Yuki Kadokawa , Takamitsu Matsubara

The field of "explainable artificial intelligence" (XAI) seemingly addresses the desire that decisions of machine learning systems should be human-understandable. However, in its current state, XAI itself needs scrutiny. Popular methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Stefan Haufe , Rick Wilming , Benedict Clark , Rustam Zhumagambetov , Ahcène Boubekki , Jörg Martin , Danny Panknin

In this paper, a Robust Multi-branch Deep learning-based system for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and condition operations (CO) identification of rotating machines is proposed. In particular, the proposed system comprises main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Khoa Tran , Hai-Canh Vu , Lam Pham , Nassim Boudaoud

When it comes to complex machine learning models, commonly referred to as black boxes, understanding the underlying decision making process is crucial for domains such as healthcare and financial services, and also when it is used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Jürgen Dieber , Sabrina Kirrane

The failures of train wheels account for disruptions of train operations and even a large portion of train derailments. Remaining useful life (RUL) of a wheelset measures the how soon the next failure will arrive, and the failure type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Weixin Wang

In this paper, a data-driven diagnostic and prognostic approach based on machine learning is proposed to detect laser failure modes and to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of a laser during its operation. We present an architecture…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-24 Khouloud Abdelli , Helmut Griesser , Stephan Pachnicke

In this paper, we investigate the practical relevance of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) with a special focus on the producing industries and relate them to the current state of academic XAI research. Our findings are based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Thomas Decker , Ralf Gross , Alexander Koebler , Michael Lebacher , Ronald Schnitzer , Stefan H. Weber

Battery degradation significantly impacts the reliability and efficiency of energy storage systems, particularly in electric vehicles and industrial applications. Predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Jingyuan Xue , Xiaozhen Zhao , Dongjing Jiang , Qingchong Jiao , Redouane EL Bouchtaoui , Jianfei Zhang

The uses of machine learning (ML) have snowballed in recent years. In many cases, ML models are highly complex, and their operation is beyond the understanding of human decision-makers. Nevertheless, some uses of ML models involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yacine Izza , Xuanxiang Huang , Antonio Morgado , Jordi Planes , Alexey Ignatiev , Joao Marques-Silva

Explainable machine learning (XML) has emerged as a major challenge in artificial intelligence (AI). Although black-box models such as Deep Neural Networks and Gradient Boosting often exhibit exceptional predictive accuracy, their lack of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-18 Evgenii Kuriabov , Jia Li

The advance of Machine Learning (ML) has led to a strong interest in this technology to support decision making. While complex ML models provide predictions that are often more accurate than those of traditional tools, such models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Felix Haag , Konstantin Hopf , Pedro Menelau Vasconcelos , Thorsten Staake

XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have…

In response to the demand for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), we investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to transform ML explanations into natural, human-readable narratives. Rather than directly explaining ML models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Alexandra Zytek , Sara Pidò , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Explainable reinforcement learning (XRL) is an emerging subfield of explainable machine learning that has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The goal of XRL is to elucidate the decision-making process of learning agents in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Stephanie Milani , Nicholay Topin , Manuela Veloso , Fei Fang

Neural networks have proved an effective means of learning control policies for autonomous systems, but these learned policies are difficult to understand due to the black-box nature of neural networks. This lack of interpretability makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hector Woods , Philippa Ryan , Rob Alexander

Data-driven methods for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction normally learn features from a fixed window size of a priori of degradation, which may lead to less accurate prediction results on different datasets because of the variance of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-13 Sen Zhao , Yong Zhang , Shang Wang , Beitong Zhou , Cheng Cheng

Accurate prediction of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of rolling bearings is crucial in industrial production, yet existing models often struggle with limited generalization capabilities due to their inability to fully process all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Junliang Wang , Qinghua Zhang , Guanhua Zhu , Guoxi Sun