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Despite the growing body of work in interpretable machine learning, it remains unclear how to evaluate different explainability methods without resorting to qualitative assessment and user-studies. While interpretability is an inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

In a prediction market, individuals can sequentially place bets on the outcome of a future event. This leaves a trail of personal probabilities for the event, each being conditional on the current individual's private background knowledge…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. Philip Dawid , Julia Mortera

Knowledge and information are becoming the primary resources of the emerging information society. To exploit the potential of available expert knowledge, comprehension and application skills (i.e. expert competences) are necessary. The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Bernhard Bergmair , Thomas Buchegger , Johann Hoffelner , Gerald Schatz , Siegfried Silber , Johannes Klinglmayr

This paper is an original attempt to understand the foundations of economic reasoning. It endeavors to rigorously define the relationship between subjective interpretations and objective valuations of such interpretations in the context of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Daniel Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as agents that interact with users and with the world. To do so successfully, LLMs must construct representations of the world and form probabilistic beliefs about them. To provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Linlu Qiu , Fei Sha , Kelsey Allen , Yoon Kim , Tal Linzen , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

The quality of probabilistic forecasts is crucial for decision-making under uncertainty. While proper scoring rules incentivize truthful reporting of precise forecasts, they fall short when forecasters face epistemic uncertainty about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Anurag Singh , Siu Lun Chau , Krikamol Muandet

Prediction markets aggregate agents' beliefs regarding a future event, where each agent is paid based on the accuracy of its reported belief when compared to the realized outcome. Agents may strategically manipulate the market (e.g., delay…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Ayman Ghoneim , Robert C. Williamson

We discuss how minimal financial market models can be constructed by bridging the gap between two existing, but incomplete, market models: a model in which a population of virtual traders make decisions based on common global information…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-16 Andy Kirou , Blazej Ruszczycki , Markus Walser , Neil F. Johnson

A large body of research is currently investigating on the connection between machine learning and game theory. In this work, game theory notions are injected into a preference learning framework. Specifically, a preference learning problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Mirko Polato , Fabio Aiolli

Prediction is a complex notion, and different predictors (such as people, computer programs, and probabilistic theories) can pursue very different goals. In this paper I will review some popular kinds of prediction and argue that the theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vladimir Vovk

As machine learning algorithms getting adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, interpretation has emerged as a crucial desideratum. In this paper, we propose a mathematical definition for the human-interpretable model. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Weishen Pan , Changshui Zhang

Forecasts support decision making in a variety of applications. Statistical models can produce accurate forecasts given abundant training data, but when data is sparse, rapidly changing, or unavailable, statistical models may not be able to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-19 Thomas McAndrew , Nutcha Wattanachit , G. Casey Gibson , Nicholas G. Reich

Fairness is one of the most desirable societal principles in collective decision-making. It has been extensively studied in the past decades for its axiomatic properties and has received substantial attention from the multiagent systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Hadi Hosseini

Market efficiency at least requires the absence of weak arbitrage opportunities, but this is not sufficient to establish a situation where the market is sensitive, i.e., where it "fully reflects" or "rapidly adjusts to" some information…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-25 Gabriel Frahm

Recent work in cognitive science has uncovered a diversity of explanatory values, or dimensions along which we judge explanations as better or worse. We propose a Bayesian account of how these values fit together to guide explanation. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-29 Zachary Wojtowicz , Simon DeDeo

Simultaneous ascending auctions present agents with the exposure problem: bidding to acquire a bundle risks the possibility of obtaining an undesired subset of the goods. Auction theory provides little guidance for dealing with this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Anna Osepayshvili , Michael P. Wellman , Daniel Reeves , Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason

Explainable artificial intelligence is a research field that tries to provide more transparency for autonomous intelligent systems. Explainability has been used, particularly in reinforcement learning and robotic scenarios, to better…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Francisco Cruz , Charlotte Young , Richard Dazeley , Peter Vamplew

Selective rationalization has become a common mechanism to ensure that predictive models reveal how they use any available features. The selection may be soft or hard, and identifies a subset of input features relevant for prediction. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Mo Yu , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang , Tommi S. Jaakkola

Inspired by empirical work in neuroscience for Bayesian approaches to brain function, we give a unified probabilistic account of various types of symbolic reasoning from data. We characterise them in terms of formal logic using the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hiroyuki Kido

Human collective intelligence has proved itself as an important factor in a society's ability to accomplish large-scale behavioral feats. As societies have grown in population-size, individuals have seen a decrease in their ability to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2008-05-23 Marko Rodriguez