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As large language models continue to scale, low-bit weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) offers a practical solution to their memory-efficient deployment. Although block-wise PTQ is capable of matching the full-precision (FP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jung Hyun Lee , June Yong Yang , Jungwook Choi , Eunho Yang

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) compresses large language models to low bit-widths using a small calibration set, and its quality depends strongly on which samples are chosen. We identify a failure mode in which calibration samples fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ibne Farabi Shihab , Sanjeda Akter , Anuj Sharma

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. To address this cost, a number of quantization schemes have been proposed - but most of these techniques focused on quantizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Jungwook Choi , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiayi Chen , Jieqi Shi , Jing Huo , Chen Wu

This paper presents incremental network quantization (INQ), a novel method, targeting to efficiently convert any pre-trained full-precision convolutional neural network (CNN) model into a low-precision version whose weights are constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Aojun Zhou , Anbang Yao , Yiwen Guo , Lin Xu , Yurong Chen

Foundation models have achieved remarkable results in medical image analysis. However, its large network architecture and high computational complexity significantly impact inference speed, limiting its application on terminal medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yineng Chen , Peng Huang , Aozhong Zhang , Hui Guo , Penghang Yin , Shu Hu , Shao Lin , Xin Li , Tzu-Jen Kao , Balakrishnan Prabhakaran , MingChing Chang , Xin Wang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

Quantizing deep neural networks is an effective method for reducing memory consumption and improving inference speed, and is thus useful for implementation in resource-constrained devices. However, it is still hard for extremely low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Kohei Yamamoto

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is the go-to compression technique for large generative models, such as stable diffusion or large language models. PTQ methods commonly keep the softmax activation in higher precision as it has been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Marios Fournarakis , Chirag Patel , Markus Nagel

Post-training quantization attracts increasing attention due to its convenience in deploying quantized neural networks. Although rounding-to-nearest remains the prevailing method for DNN quantization, prior research has demonstrated its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Zhengyi Li , Cong Guo , Zhanda Zhu , Yangjie Zhou , Yuxian Qiu , Xiaotian Gao , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising approach to reducing the storage and computational requirements of large language models (LLMs) without additional training cost. Recent PTQ studies have primarily focused on quantizing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Reena Elangovan , Charbel Sakr , Anand Raghunathan , Brucek Khailany

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. In order to reduce this cost, several quantization schemes have gained attention recently with some focusing on weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Jungwook Choi , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

Inference time, model size, and accuracy are three key factors in deep model compression. Most of the existing work addresses these three key factors separately as it is difficult to optimize them all at the same time. For example, low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Dan Liu , Xi Chen , Jie Fu , Chen Ma , Xue Liu

This paper proposes a novel matrix quantization method, Binary Quadratic Quantization (BQQ). In contrast to conventional first-order quantization approaches, such as uniform quantization and binary coding quantization, that approximate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kyo Kuroki , Yasuyuki Okoshi , Thiem Van Chu , Kazushi Kawamura , Masato Motomura

Post-training Quantization (PTQ) has become a widely used technique for improving inference efficiency of large language models (LLMs). However, existing PTQ methods generally suffer from crucial limitations such as heavy calibration data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yongyi Yang , Jianyang Gao , Wei Hu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) enables efficient deployment of large language models by mapping pretrained weights to low-bit formats without retraining, typically using a small calibration set to minimize a layer-wise calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Seohyeon Cha , Huancheng Chen , Dongjun Kim , Haoran Zhang , Kevin Chan , Gustavo de Veciana , Haris Vikalo

The burgeoning complexity and scale of 3D geometry models pose significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained platforms. While Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) enables efficient inference without retraining, conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sicheng Pan , Chen Tang , Shuzhao Xie , Ke Yang , Weixiang Zhang , Jiawei Li , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Zhi Wang

Network quantization is a powerful technique to compress convolutional neural networks. The quantization granularity determines how to share the scaling factors in weights, which affects the performance of network quantization. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zhihang Yuan , Yiqi Chen , Chenhao Xue , Chenguang Zhang , Qiankun Wang , Guangyu Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance across a wide range of NLP tasks, but their massive sizes hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. To reduce their computational and memory burden, various compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Pham , Cuong Nguyen , Trung le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

Efficiently deploying deep neural networks on low-resource edge devices is challenging due to their ever-increasing resource requirements. To address this issue, researchers have proposed multiplication-free neural networks, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xinlin Li , Bang Liu , Rui Heng Yang , Vanessa Courville , Chao Xing , Vahid Partovi Nia