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We describe an approach to task-oriented dialogue in which dialogue state is represented as a dataflow graph. A dialogue agent maps each user utterance to a program that extends this graph. Programs include metacomputation operators for…

Multi-agent systems of large language models (LLMs) show promise for complex reasoning, but their effectiveness is often limited by fixed collaboration protocols. These frameworks typically focus on macro-level orchestration while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Wei Yang , Jesse Thomason

Policy-based algorithms are among the most widely adopted techniques in model-free RL, thanks to their strong theoretical groundings and good properties in continuous action spaces. Unfortunately, these methods require precise and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Luca Sabbioni , Francesco Corda , Marcello Restelli

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on multi-turn tool-integrated planning for knowledge-intensive and complex reasoning tasks. Existing implementations typically rely on a single agent, but they suffer from limited context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhanfeng Mo , Xingxuan Li , Yuntao Chen , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-domain dialogues. However, current methods exhibit suboptimal performance in service dialogues, as they rely on noisy, low-quality human conversation data. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuqin Dai , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Jie Wang , Zichen Luo , Jinpeng Wang , Yujie Wang , Ruiyuan Wu , Chaozheng Wang

Autonomous driving system aims for safe and social-consistent driving through the behavioral integration among interactive agents. However, challenges remain due to multi-agent scene uncertainty and heterogeneous interaction. Current dense…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Haochen Liu , Li Chen , Yu Qiao , Chen Lv , Hongyang Li

Task-oriented Dialog (ToD) systems have to solve multiple subgoals to accomplish user goals, whereas feedback is often obtained only at the end of the dialog. In this work, we propose SUIT (SUbgoal-aware ITerative Training), an iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Magdalena Kaiser , Patrick Ernst , György Szarvas

Humans use different modalities, such as speech, text, images, videos, etc., to communicate their intent and goals with teammates. For robots to become better assistants, we aim to endow them with the ability to follow instructions and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Rutav Shah , Roberto Martín-Martín , Yuke Zhu

The recent advent of neural approaches for developing each dialog component in task-oriented dialog systems has remarkably improved, yet optimizing the overall system performance remains a challenge. Besides, previous research on modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Hwaran Lee , Seokhwan Jo , HyungJun Kim , Sangkeun Jung , Tae-Yoon Kim

The planning domain has experienced increased interest in the formal synthesis of decision-making policies. This formal synthesis typically entails finding a policy which satisfies formal specifications in the form of some well-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-30 George K. Atia , Andre Beckus , Ismail Alkhouri , Alvaro Velasquez

This paper proposes a group deliberation oriented multi-agent conversational model to address the limitations of single large language models in complex reasoning tasks. The model adopts a three-level role division architecture consisting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zheyu Shi , Dong Qiu , Shanlong Yu

Task-oriented dialogue systems have been a promising area in the NLP field. Previous work showed the effectiveness of using a single GPT-2 based model to predict belief states and responses via causal language modeling. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Po-Nien Kung , Chung-Cheng Chang , Tse-Hsuan Yang , Hsin-Kai Hsu , Yu-Jia Liou , Yun-Nung Chen

This paper presents Dual Action Policy (DAP), a novel approach to address the dynamics mismatch inherent in the sim-to-real gap of reinforcement learning. DAP uses a single policy to predict two sets of actions: one for maximizing task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ng Wen Zheng Terence , Chen Jianda

Dialogue management (DM) decides the next action of a dialogue system according to the current dialogue state, and thus plays a central role in task-oriented dialogue systems. Since dialogue management requires to have access to not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Zheng Zhang , Minlie Huang , Zhongzhou Zhao , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Xiaoyan Zhu

Automatic data augmentation (AutoAugment) (Cubuk et al., 2019) searches for optimal perturbation policies via a controller trained using performance rewards of a sampled policy on the target task, hence reducing data-level model bias. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Tong Niu , Mohit Bansal

In multi-turn dialog, utterances do not always take the full form of sentences \cite{Carbonell1983DiscoursePA}, which naturally makes understanding the dialog context more difficult. However, it is essential to fully grasp the dialog…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xiuying Chen , Zhi Cui , Jiayi Zhang , Chen Wei , Jianwei Cui , Bin Wang , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Task-oriented dialogue systems are broadly used in virtual assistants and other automated services, providing interfaces between users and machines to facilitate specific tasks. Nowadays, task-oriented dialogue systems have greatly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Ruolin Su , Biing-Hwang Juang

Hybrid action space, which combines discrete choices and continuous parameters, is prevalent in domains such as robot control and game AI. However, efficiently modeling and optimizing hybrid discrete-continuous action space remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Bingyi Liu , Jinbo He , Haiyong Shi , Enshu Wang , Weizhen Han , Jingxiang Hao , Peixi Wang , Zhuangzhuang Zhang

We present an approach called Dialogue Action Tokens (DAT) that adapts language model agents to plan goal-directed dialogues. The core idea is to treat each utterance as an action, thereby converting dialogues into games where existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Kenneth Li , Yiming Wang , Fernanda Viégas , Martin Wattenberg

People always desire an embodied agent that can perform a task by understanding language instruction. Moreover, they also want to monitor and expect agents to understand commands the way they expected. But, how to build such an embodied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Haoyu Liu , Yang Liu , Hongkai He , Hangfang Yang