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Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems are drawing more and more attention in recent studies. Current methods focus on constructing pre-trained models or fine-tuning strategies while the evaluation of TOD is limited by a policy mismatch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Qinyuan Cheng , Linyang Li , Guofeng Quan , Feng Gao , Xiaofeng Mou , Xipeng Qiu

Building a dialogue agent to fulfill complex tasks, such as travel planning, is challenging because the agent has to learn to collectively complete multiple subtasks. For example, the agent needs to reserve a hotel and book a flight so that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Baolin Peng , Xiujun Li , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Asli Celikyilmaz , Sungjin Lee , Kam-Fai Wong

The state-of-the-art multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods have provided promising solutions to a variety of complex problems. Yet, these methods all assume that agents perform synchronized primitive-action executions so that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuchen Xiao

Learning task-oriented dialog policies via reinforcement learning typically requires large amounts of interaction with users, which in practice renders such methods unusable for real-world applications. In order to reduce the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jorge A. Mendez , Alborz Geramifard , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Bing Liu

Collection of annotated dialogs for training task-oriented dialog systems have been one of the key bottlenecks in improving current models. While dialog response generation has been widely studied on the agent side, it is not evident if…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Dustin Axman , Avik Ray , Shubham Garg , Jing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Economic decision-making depends not only on structured signals such as prices and taxes, but also on unstructured language, including peer dialogue and media narratives. While multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown promise in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Heyang Ma , Qirui Mi , Qipeng Yang , Zijun Fan , Bo Li , Haifeng Zhang

While current emotional support dialogue systems typically rely on expert-defined scalar rewards for alignment, these signals suffer from severe information sparsity. They cannot explain why a response failed or how to adapt to dynamic user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jing Ye , Xinpei Zhao , Lu Xiang , Yaping Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Planning plays an important role in the broad class of decision theory. Planning has drawn much attention in recent work in the robotics and sequential decision making areas. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL), as an agent-environment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Alessandro Lazaric , Animashree Anandkumar

There is an increasing demand for task-oriented dialogue systems which can assist users in various activities such as booking tickets and restaurant reservations. In order to complete dialogues effectively, dialogue policy plays a key role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Tian Lan , Xianling Mao , Heyan Huang

Knowledge-grounded dialogue generation is a challenging task because it requires satisfying two fundamental yet often competing constraints: being responsive in a manner that is specific to what the conversation partner has said while also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Kushal Chawla , Hannah Rashkin , Gaurav Singh Tomar , David Reitter

In spoken dialogue systems, we aim to deploy artificial intelligence to build automated dialogue agents that can converse with humans. A part of this effort is the policy optimisation task, which attempts to find a policy describing how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Gellért Weisz , Paweł Budzianowski , Pei-Hao Su , Milica Gašić

Multi-step planning has been widely employed to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which decomposes the original task into multiple subtasks and guide LLMs to solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zepeng Ding , Dixuan Wang , Ziqin Luo , Guochao Jiang , Deqing Yang , Jiaqing Liang

Turn-taking is a fundamental component of spoken dialogue, however conventional studies mostly involve dyadic settings. This work focuses on applying voice activity projection (VAP) to predict upcoming turn-taking in triadic multi-party…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Mikey Elmers , Koji Inoue , Divesh Lala , Tatsuya Kawahara

With the significant progress of speech technologies, spoken goal-oriented dialogue systems are becoming increasingly popular. One of the main modules of a dialogue system is typically the dialogue policy, which is responsible for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-18 Daniel Roncel , Federico Costa , Javier Hernando

Perceiving multi-modal information and fulfilling dialogues with humans is a long-term goal of artificial intelligence. Pre-training is commonly regarded as an effective approach for multi-modal dialogue. However, due to the limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yunshui Li , Binyuan Hui , ZhiChao Yin , Min Yang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Existing dialog system models require extensive human annotations and are difficult to generalize to different tasks. The recent success of large pre-trained language models such as BERT and GPT-2 (Devlin et al., 2019; Radford et al., 2019)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Qingyang Wu , Yichi Zhang , Yu Li , Zhou Yu

The next step for intelligent dialog agents is to escape their role as silent bystanders and become proactive. Well-defined proactive behavior may improve human-machine cooperation, as the agent takes a more active role during interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Matthias Kraus , Nicolas Wagner , Ron Riekenbrauck , Wolfgang Minker

Recent advancements in dialogue policy planning have emphasized optimizing system agent policies to achieve predefined goals, focusing on strategy design, trajectory acquisition, and efficient training paradigms. However, these approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Tao He , Lizi Liao , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Task-oriented dialogue systems are essential for applications ranging from customer service to personal assistants and are widely used across various industries. However, developing effective multi-domain systems remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Aman Gupta , Anirudh Ravichandran , Ziji Zhang , Swair Shah , Anurag Beniwal , Narayanan Sadagopan