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Emotions play a central role in human communication, shaping trust, engagement, and social interaction. As artificial intelligence systems powered by large language models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, enabling them to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Soumya Dutta

Empathy, which is widely used in psychological counselling, is a key trait of everyday human conversations. Equipped with commonsense knowledge, current approaches to empathetic response generation focus on capturing implicit emotion within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Lanrui Wang , Jiangnan Li , Zheng Lin , Fandong Meng , Chenxu Yang , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Modern systems for automatic speech recognition, including the RNN-Transducer and Attention-based Encoder-Decoder (AED), are designed so that the encoder is not required to alter the time-position of information from the audio sequence into…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Adam Stooke , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Khe Chai Sim , Pedro Moreno Mengibar

Empathetic dialogue is a human-like behavior that requires the perception of both affective factors (e.g., emotion status) and cognitive factors (e.g., cause of the emotion). Besides concerning emotion status in early work, the latest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yushan Qian , Bo Wang , Ting-En Lin , Yinhe Zheng , Ying Zhu , Dongming Zhao , Yuexian Hou , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Human emotions are difficult to convey through words and are often abstracted in the process; however, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can offer a more direct lens into emotional brain activity. Recent studies show that deep learning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Nilay Kumar , Priyansh Bhandari , G. Maragatham

Humans use a host of signals to infer the emotional state of others. In general, computer systems that leverage signals from multiple modalities will be more robust and accurate in the same task. We present a multimodal affect and context…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Daniel McDuff , Kael Rowan , Piali Choudhury , Jessica Wolk , ThuVan Pham , Mary Czerwinski

Large, pre-trained neural networks consisting of self-attention layers (transformers) have recently achieved state-of-the-art results on several speech emotion recognition (SER) datasets. These models are typically pre-trained in…

While pre-trained language models excel at semantic understanding, they often struggle to capture nuanced affective information critical for affective recognition tasks. To address these limitations, we propose a novel framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Seungah Son , Andrez Saurez , Dongsoo Har

Due to its effectiveness and performance, the Transformer translation model has attracted wide attention, most recently in terms of probing-based approaches. Previous work focuses on using or probing source linguistic features in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Hongfei Xu , Josef van Genabith , Qiuhui Liu , Deyi Xiong

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) is a more challenging task than conventional text emotion recognition. It can be regarded as a personalized and interactive emotion recognition task, which is supposed to consider not only the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Jiangnan Li , Zheng Lin , Peng Fu , Qingyi Si , Weiping Wang

This paper addresses the problem of modeling textual conversations and detecting emotions. Our proposed model makes use of 1) deep transfer learning rather than the classical shallow methods of word embedding; 2) self-attention mechanisms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Waleed Ragheb , Jérôme Azé , Sandra Bringay , Maximilien Servajean

During online chats, body-language and vocal characteristics are not part of the communication mechanism making it challenging to facilitate an accurate interpretation of feelings, emotions, and attitudes. The use of emojis to express…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Moeen Mostafavi , Michael D. Porter

In VR interactions with embodied conversational agents, users' emotional intent is often conveyed more by how something is said than by what is said. However, most VR agent pipelines rely on speech-to-text processing, discarding prosodic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-11 SangYeop Jeong , Yeongseo Na , Seung Gyu Jeong , Jin-Woo Jeong , Seong-Eun Kim

Emotions, as a fundamental ingredient of any social interaction, lead to behaviors that represent the effectiveness of the interaction through facial expressions and gestures in humans. Hence an agent must possess the social and cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Muhammad Arslan Raza , Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Adel Khelifi , Atif Alvi

Owing to the recent developments in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLM), conversational agents are becoming increasingly popular and accepted. They provide a human touch by interacting in ways familiar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fathima Abdul Rahman , Guang Lu

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end sentiment-aware conversational agent based on two models: a reply sentiment prediction model, which leverages the context of the dialogue to predict an appropriate sentiment for the agent to express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Isabel Dias , Ricardo Rei , Patrícia Pereira , Luisa Coheur

Emotional cues frequently arise and shape group dynamics in interactive settings where multiple humans and artificial agents communicate through shared digital channels. While artificial agents lack intrinsic emotional states, they can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Fernando Koch , Jessica Nahulan , Jeremy Fox , Martin Keen

Human emotion recognition holds a pivotal role in facilitating seamless human-computer interaction. This paper delineates our methodology in tackling the Valence-Arousal (VA) Estimation Challenge, Expression (Expr) Classification Challenge,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Weiwei Zhou , Jiada Lu , Chenkun Ling , Weifeng Wang , Shaowei Liu

Affect is an emotional characteristic encompassing valence, arousal, and intensity, and is a crucial attribute for enabling authentic conversations. While existing text-to-speech (TTS) and speech-to-speech systems rely on strength embedding…

The successful emotional conversation system depends on sufficient perception and appropriate expression of emotions. In a real-life conversation, humans firstly instinctively perceive emotions from multi-source information, including the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Ying Zhang , Jinan Xu , Yufeng Chen , Jie Zhou