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The origin of the optical flux variability in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is largely unknown. Previous studies have correlated features of the variability structure function (SF) with AGN properties, though they mostly involved…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-06 Ashley Hai Tung Tan , Christian Wolf , Neelesh Amrutha , Christopher A. Onken , John L. Tonry , Rachel Webster

A majority of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the local Universe are classified as low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN), having bolometric luminosities $\lesssim 10^{42} \ \mathrm{erg \ s^{-1}}$. Although high-energy gamma-ray emission is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 Chris Karwin , Nikita Khatiya , Margot Boughelilba , Xiurui Zhao , Anita Reimer , Marco Ajello

Optical variability has proven to be an effective way of detecting AGNs in imaging surveys, lasting from weeks to years. In the present work we test its use as a tool to identify AGNs in the VST multi-epoch survey of the COSMOS field,…

The disks of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are expected to be populated by numerous stars, either formed in the outer regions of the disk via gravitational instability, or captured from the nearby nuclear star cluster. Regardless of their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-07 Gaia Fabj , Alexander J. Dittmann , Matteo Cantiello , Rosalba Perna , Johan Samsing

Identifying Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) through their X-ray emission is efficient, but necessarily biased against X-ray-faint objects. We aim to characterize this bias by comparing X-ray-selected AGNs to the ones identified through…

Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) variability can be used to study the physics of the region in the vicinity of the central black hole. In this paper, we investigated intra-night optical variability of AGN in the COSMOS field in order to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-12 Joonho Kim , Marios Karouzos , Myungshin Im , Changsu Choi , Dohyeong Kim , Hyunsung D. Jun , Joon Hyeop Lee , Mar Mezcua

We present the first systematic study of short-timescale X-ray variability in radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN), utilizing archival Chandra observations of approximately 3,000 broad-line AGN selected from the SDSS and DESI…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-09 Xiurui Zhao , Luca Comisso , Stefano Marchesi , Marco Ajello , Elias Kammoun , Yue Shen , Qiaoya Wu

Variability in the X-rays is a key ingredient in understanding and unveiling active galactic nuclei (AGN) properties. In this band flux variations occur on short time scales (hours) as well as on larger times scales. While short time scale…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-08 R. Middei , F. Vagnetti , S. Bianchi , F. La Franca , M. Paolillo , F. Ursini

We examine whether the spectral energy distribution of optical continuum emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) changes during flux variation, based on accurate and frequent monitoring observations of 11 nearby Seyfert galaxies and QSOs…

Optical variability is a key observational probe for studying the accretion dynamics and central engine physics of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). The quality and completeness of light curves have a direct impact on variability studies,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-31 Jiaqi Lin , Zhen-Ya Zheng , Bin Ma , Lin Long , Yangfan Xie , Pu Lin , Ruqiu Lin , Xiang Ji

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit stochastic optical variability, commonly characterized by a damped random walk. The damping timescale is of particular interest because it is related to fundamental properties of the central black hole,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-29 Ruisong Xia , Zhen-Yi Cai , Yongquan Xue , Xian-Liang Lu , Guowei Ren , Shuying Zhou , Mouyuan Sun , Shifu Zhu , Zhen-Bo Su , Hao Liu

The cosmological evolution of X-ray-selected and optically selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) show different behaviours interpreted in terms of two different populations. The difference is evident mainly for low luminosity AGNs…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Trevese , V. Zitelli , F. Vagnetti , K. Boutsia , G. M. Stirpe

Blazars, a type of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets pointed at the observer, exhibit flux variability across the electromagnetic spectrum due to particle acceleration in their jets. Power spectral density (PSD) studies…

In this work we have developed a new stochastic model for the fluctuations in lightcurves of accreting black holes. The model is based on a linear combination of stochastic processes and is also the solution to the linear diffusion equation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Brandon C. Kelly , Malgorzata Sobolewska , Aneta Siemiginowska

Within the MOJAVE VLBA program (Monitoring of Jets in AGN with VLBA Experiments), we have accumulated observational data at 15 GHz for hundreds of jets in $\gamma$-ray bright active galactic nuclei since the beginning of the Fermi…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-23 I. G. Kramarenko , A. B. Pushkarev , Y. Y. Kovalev , M. L. Lister , T. Hovatta , T. Savolainen

We present 5321 milliarcsecond-resolution total intensity and linear polarization maps of 437 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) obtained with the VLBA at 15 GHz as part of the MOJAVE survey, and also from the NRAO data archive. The former is a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-18 M. L. Lister , M. F. Aller , H. D. Aller , M. A. Hodge , D. C. Homan , Y. Y. Kovalev , A. B. Pushkarev , T. Savolainen

We present the latest results of a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, "New Numerical Galaxy Catalogue", which is combined with large cosmological N-body simulations. This model can reproduce statistical properties of galaxies at z <…

The ensemble optical/ultraviolet variability of narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) type active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is investigated, based on a sample selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe-82 region with multi-epoch…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Y. L. Ai , W. Yuan , H. Zhou , T. G. Wang , X. -B. Dong , J. G. Wang , H. L. Lu

We present a comprehensive variability study on three blazars, S4 0954+65, PKS 0903-57, and 4C +01.02 covering a mass range of log(M/M$_{\odot}$) = 8--9, by using $\sim$15 years-long $\gamma$-ray light curves from \textit{Fermi}-LAT. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-06 Ajay Sharma , Sushanth Reddy Kamaram , Raj Prince , Rukaiya Khatoon , Debanjan Bose

Off-nucleus active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be signposts of inspiraling supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on galactic scales, or accreting SMBHs recoiling after the coalescence of a SMBH binary or slingshot from three-body interactions.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-17 Yue Shen , Hsiang-Chih Hwang , Nadia Zakamska , Xin Liu