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Large token-indexed lookup tables provide a compute-decoupled scaling path, but their practical gains are often limited by poor parameter efficiency and rapid memory growth. We attribute these limitations to Zipfian under-training of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yilong Chen , Yanxi Xie , Zitian Gao , He Xin , Yihao Xiao , Jason Klein Liu , Haoming Luo , Yifan Luo , Zhengmao Ye , Tingwen Liu , Xin Zhao , Ran Tao , Bryan Dai

Traffic splitting is a required functionality in networks, for example for load balancing over multiple paths or among different servers. The capacities of the servers determine the partition by which traffic should be split. A recent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Yaniv Sadeh , Ori Rottenstreich , Haim Kaplan

Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) are useful for certain computing tasks since they allow us to compare a search query with a whole dataset stored in the memory array. They can also unlock unique advantages for cryogenic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shamiul Alam , Simon Thomann , Shivendra Singh Parihar , Yogesh Singh Chauhan , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Ahmedullah Aziz

Although deep learning has demonstrated remarkable capability in learning from unstructured data, modern tree-based ensemble models remain superior in extracting relevant information and learning from structured datasets. While several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yi-Chun Liao , Chieh-Lin Tsai , Yuan-Hao Chang , Camélia Slimani , Jalil Boukhobza , Tei-Wei Kuo

Content addressable memory (CAM) is widely used in associative search tasks for its highly parallel pattern matching capability. To accommodate the increasingly complex and data-intensive pattern matching tasks, it is critical to keep…

Traffic splitting is a required functionality in networks, for example for load balancing over paths or servers, or by the source's access restrictions. The capacities of the servers (or the number of users with particular access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Yaniv Sadeh

Obtaining object response maps is one important step to achieve weakly-supervised semantic segmentation using image-level labels. However, existing methods rely on the classification task, which could result in a response map only attending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Yu-Ting Chang , Qiaosong Wang , Wei-Chih Hung , Robinson Piramuthu , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Ming-Hsuan Yang

A Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a memory primarily designed for high speed search operation. Parallel search scheme forms the basis of CAM, thus power reduction is the challenge associated with a large amount of parallel active…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Mohammed Zackriya. , Harish M Kittur

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on customer devices. To support them, current devices are adopting SoCs (System on Chip) with NPUs (Neural Processing Unit) installed. Although high performance is expected, LLM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jianyu Wei , Qingtao Li , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Zixu Hao , Yanyong Zhang , Xiaoyan Hu , Ting Cao

Despite the rise of token communication (TokCom) as a new paradigm beyond traditional bit communication, existing approaches have primarily adopted artificial intelligence (AI)-centric designs that rely on semantic recovery via large…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Jihoon Lee , Seungeun Oh , Jihong Park , Seong-Lyun Kim , Seung-Woo Ko

Traditional indexing techniques commonly employed in da\-ta\-ba\-se systems perform poorly on multidimensional array scientific data. Bitmap indices are widely used in commercial databases for processing complex queries, due to their…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Luboš Krčál , Shen-Shyang Ho , Jan Holub

The energy and latency of an accelerator running a deep neural network (DNN) depend on how the computation and data movement are scheduled in the accelerator (i.e., mapping), and picking an optimal mapping is essential to achieve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Michael Gilbert , Tanner Andrulis , Vivienne Sze , Joel S. Emer

Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside.…

Training large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally constrained by limited device memory and costly inter-device communication. Although pipeline parallelism alleviates memory pressure by partitioning models across devices, it incurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Houming Wu , Ling Chen

With the development of IPv6 and edge computing, the edge network should support IPv6 lookup (the longest prefix matching, LPM) with high lookup speed, high update speed, and low memory cost. However, the trie-based algorithms, e.g., SAIL…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chunyang Zhang , Gaogang Xie

As SRAM-based caches are hitting a scaling wall, manufacturers are integrating DRAM-based caches into system designs to continue increasing cache sizes. While DRAM caches can improve the performance of memory systems, existing DRAM cache…

Similarity search methods are widely used as kernels in various machine learning applications. Nearest neighbor search (NNS) algorithms are often used to retrieve similar entries, given a query. While there exist efficient techniques for…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-06-18 Rajendra Shinde , Ashish Goel , Pankaj Gupta , Debojyoti Dutta

Memory tiering systems seek cost-effective memory scaling by adding multiple tiers of memory. For maximum performance, frequently accessed (hot) data must be placed close to the host in faster tiers and infrequently accessed (cold) data can…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Sujay Yadalam , Konstantinos Kanellis , Michael Swift , Shivaram Venkataraman

High Performance and Energy Efficiency are critical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) end-nodes. Exploiting tightly-coupled clusters of programmable processors (CMPs) has recently emerged as a suitable solution to address this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jie Chen , Igor Loi , Eric Flamand , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, their massive parameter counts and associated extensive computing make LLMs' deployment the main part of carbon emission from nowadays AI applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jie Peng , Zhang Cao , Huaizhi Qu , Zhengyu Zhang , Chang Guo , Yanyong Zhang , Zhichao Cao , Tianlong Chen