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In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, Key-Value (KV) caches (KV-caches) are essential for reducing time complexity. However, they result in a linear increase in GPU memory as the context length grows. While recent work explores KV-cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ahmed Burak Gulhan , Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Murali Emani , Mahmut Kandemir , Venkatram Vishwanath

While performing distributed computations in today's cloud-based platforms, execution speed variations among compute nodes can significantly reduce the performance and create bottlenecks like stragglers. Coded computation techniques…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Krishna Giri Narra , Zhifeng Lin , Mehrdad Kiamari , Salman Avestimehr , Murali Annavaram

Persistent Memory (PMEM), also known as Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), can deliver higher density and lower cost per bit when compared with DRAM. Its main drawback is that it is typically slower than DRAM. On the other hand, DRAM has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Diego Moura , Vinicius Petrucci , Daniel Mosse

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on long-context tasks, but are often bottlenecked by memory constraints. Namely, the KV cache, which is used to significantly speed up attention computations, grows…

We propose overcoming the memory capacity limitation of GPUs with high-capacity Storage-Class Memory (SCM) and DRAM cache. By significantly increasing the memory capacity with SCM, the GPU can capture a larger fraction of the memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Jeongmin Hong , Sungjun Cho , Geonwoo Park , Wonhyuk Yang , Young-Ho Gong , Gwangsun Kim

This paper is dedicated to lossless data compression with probability estimation using neural networks. First, we propose a probability estimation architecture based on a chain of neural predictors, so that each unit of the chain is defined…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yuriy Kim , Evgeny Belyaev

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in end-to-end learned video compression. Most previous works explore temporal redundancy by detecting and compressing a motion map to warp the reference frame towards the target frame. Yet,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-21 Ren Yang , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Quarter level cell (QLC) 3D NAND flash memory is emerging as the predominant storage solution in the era of artificial intelligence. QLC 3D NAND flash stores 4 bit per cell to expand the storage density, resulting in narrower read margins.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qianhui Li , Weiya Wang , Qianqi Zhao , Tong Qu , Jing He , Xuhong Qiang , Jingwen Hou , Ke Chen , Bao Zhang , Qi Wang

Latency-minimization is recognized as one of the pillars of 5G network architecture design. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) appears a promising candidate technology for building an agile communication model that reduces latency through…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Giovanna Carofiglio , Leonce Mekinda , Luca Muscariello

Modern scientific simulations generate massive volumes of data, creating significant challenges for I/O and storage systems. Error-bounded lossy compression (EBLC) offers a solution by reducing data set sizes while preserving data quality…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Grant Wilkins , Sheng Di , Jon C. Calhoun , Robert Underwood , Franck Cappello

With the advancements in long-context inference capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the KV cache has become one of the foundational components. However, its substantial GPU memory consumption makes KV cache compression a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Youhui Zuo , Sibo Wei , Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Wenpeng Lu , Dawei Song

While a diverse collection of continual learning (CL) methods has been proposed to prevent catastrophic forgetting, a thorough investigation of their effectiveness for processing sequential data with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in large-scale online services, enabling sophisticated applications. However, the computational overhead of generating key-value (KV) caches in the prefill stage presents a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shuowei Jin , Xueshen Liu , Qingzhao Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

Parameter quantization for Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attentions recently in reducing memory costs and improving computational efficiency. Early approaches have been widely adopted. However, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoyu Wang , Bei Liu , Hang Shao , Bo Xiao , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Yanmin Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs), epitomized by ChatGPT's release in late 2022, have revolutionized various industries with their advanced language comprehension. However, their efficiency is challenged by the Transformer architecture's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Luohe Shi , Hongyi Zhang , Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Rate-distortion optimization through neural networks has accomplished competitive results in compression efficiency and image quality. This learning-based approach seeks to minimize the compromise between compression rate and reconstructed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Raül Pérez-Gonzalo , Andreas Espersen , Antonio Agudo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, processing millions of daily requests. This surge in demand poses significant challenges in optimizing throughput and latency while keeping costs manageable. The Key-Value…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiale Xu , Rui Zhang , Cong Guo , Weiming Hu , Zihan Liu , Feiyang Wu , Yu Feng , Shixuan Sun , Changxu Shao , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often hindered by the extensive memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache, especially as context lengths increase. Existing approaches to reduce the KV cache size involve either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Alessio Devoto , Yu Zhao , Simone Scardapane , Pasquale Minervini

The dissipativity framework is widely used to analyze stability and performance of nonlinear systems. By embedding nonlinear systems in an LPV representation, the convex tools of the LPV framework can be applied to nonlinear systems for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Patrick J. W. Koelewijn , Roland Tóth

Recent reasoning models such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown strong performance on complex tasks including mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, this performance gain comes with substantially longer output sequences,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yi Su , Zhenxu Tian , Dan Qiao , Yuechi Zhou , Juntao Li , Min Zhang
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