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A large-scale conversational agent can suffer from understanding user utterances with various ambiguities such as ASR ambiguity, intent ambiguity, and hypothesis ambiguity. When ambiguities are detected, the agent should engage in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Joo-Kyung Kim , Guoyin Wang , Sungjin Lee , Young-Bum Kim

Instruction Clarification Requests are a mechanism to solve communication problems, which is very functional in instruction-following interactions. Recent work has argued that the CoDraw dataset is a valuable source of naturally occurring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Brielen Madureira , David Schlangen

Coping with ambiguous questions has been a perennial problem in real-world dialogue systems. Although clarification by asking questions is a common form of human interaction, it is hard to define appropriate questions to elicit more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Xiang Hu , Zujie Wen , Yafang Wang , Xiaolong Li , Gerard de Melo

User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a helpful assistant should surface such ambiguity by asking a clarifying question. Doing so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie

Many real-world tasks require agents to coordinate their behavior to achieve shared goals. Successful collaboration requires not only adopting the same communicative conventions, but also grounding these conventions in the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 William P. McCarthy , Robert D. Hawkins , Haoliang Wang , Cameron Holdaway , Judith E. Fan

We study building multi-task agents in open-world environments. Without human demonstrations, learning to accomplish long-horizon tasks in a large open-world environment with reinforcement learning (RL) is extremely inefficient. To tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Haoqi Yuan , Chi Zhang , Hongcheng Wang , Feiyang Xie , Penglin Cai , Hao Dong , Zongqing Lu

Multi-agent collaboration among models has shown promise in reasoning tasks but is underexplored in long-form generation tasks like summarization and question-answering. We extend multi-agent multi-model reasoning to generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 David Wan , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

This paper presents a plan-based architecture for response generation in collaborative consultation dialogues, with emphasis on cases in which the system (consultant) and user (executing agent) disagree. Our work contributes to an overall…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Jennifer Chu-Carroll , Sandra Carberry

Letting robots emulate human behavior has always posed a challenge, particularly in scenarios involving multiple robots. In this paper, we presented a framework aimed at achieving multi-agent reinforcement learning for robot control in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Kangkang Duan , Christine Wun Ki Suen , Zhengbo Zou

Expressing confidence is challenging for embodied agents navigating dynamic multimodal environments, where uncertainty arises from both perception and decision-making processes. We present the first work investigating embodied confidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Tianjiao Yu , Vedant Shah , Muntasir Wahed , Kiet A. Nguyen , Adheesh Juvekar , Tal August , Ismini Lourentzou

Inquiry is fundamental to communication, and machines cannot effectively collaborate with humans unless they can ask questions. In this work, we build a neural network model for the task of ranking clarification questions. Our model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Sudha Rao , Hal Daumé

Many emerging applications of AI--from scientific discovery to medical diagnosis--require agents to seek information strategically: forming hypotheses, asking targeted questions, and making decisions under uncertainty. In high-stakes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Gabriel Grand , Valerio Pepe , Jacob Andreas , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

We investigate the challenge of task planning for multi-task embodied agents in open-world environments. Two main difficulties are identified: 1) executing plans in an open-world environment (e.g., Minecraft) necessitates accurate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Zihao Wang , Shaofei Cai , Guanzhou Chen , Anji Liu , Xiaojian Ma , Yitao Liang

When deciding how to act under uncertainty, agents may choose to act to reduce uncertainty or they may act despite that uncertainty. In communicative settings, an important way of reducing uncertainty is by asking clarification questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Polina Tsvilodub , Karl Mulligan , Todd Snider , Robert D. Hawkins , Michael Franke

Autonomous agents have made great strides in specialist domains like Atari games and Go. However, they typically learn tabula rasa in isolated environments with limited and manually conceived objectives, thus failing to generalize across a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Linxi Fan , Guanzhi Wang , Yunfan Jiang , Ajay Mandlekar , Yuncong Yang , Haoyi Zhu , Andrew Tang , De-An Huang , Yuke Zhu , Anima Anandkumar

In conversational search, agents can interact with users by asking clarifying questions to increase their chance to find better results. Many recent works and shared tasks in both NLP and IR communities have focused on identifying the need…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Zhenduo Wang , Qingyao Ai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tool learning. In real-world scenarios, user queries are often ambiguous and incomplete, requiring effective clarification. However, existing interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xuan Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zhe Zheng , Linjuan Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yuchen Yan , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

In human conversation, both interlocutors play an active role in maintaining mutual understanding. When listeners are uncertain about what speakers mean, for example, they can request clarification. It is an open question for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Manar Ali , Judith Sieker , Sina Zarrieß , Hendrik Buschmeier

Human collaborators can effectively communicate with their partners to finish a common task by inferring each other's mental states (e.g., goals, beliefs, and desires). Such mind-aware communication minimizes the discrepancy among…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Xiaofeng Gao , Ran Gong , Yizhou Zhao , Shu Wang , Tianmin Shu , Song-Chun Zhu

In this document we describe a rationale for a research program aimed at building an open "assistant" in the game Minecraft, in order to make progress on the problems of natural language understanding and learning from dialogue.