Related papers: Ultimate accuracy of frequency to power conversion…
Direct frequency to power conversion (FPC), to be presented here, links both quantities through a known energy, like single-electron transport relates an operation frequency $f$ to the emitted current $I$ through the electron charge $e$ as…
Single-electron pumps based on semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for the emerging quantum standard of electrical current. They can transfer discrete charges with part-per-million (ppm) precision in nanosecond time scales.…
We perform in-situ detection of individual electrons pumped through a single-electron turnstile based on ultrasmall normal metal - insulator - superconductor tunnel junctions. In our setup, limited by the detector bandwidth, at low…
The fundamental frequency is one of the parameters that define power quality. Correctly determining this parameter under the conditions that prevail in modern power grids is crucial. Diagnostic purposes often require an efficient estimation…
We report an experimental technique to measure and manipulate the arrival-time and energy distributions of electrons emitted from a semiconductor electron pump, operated as both a single-electron source and a two-electron source. Using an…
This paper analyzes how power injections affect frequency quality in power systems. We first derive a general expression linking active and reactive power injections at buses to the system's frequency. This formulation explicitly considers…
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a self-calibrating detector of Cooper pair depairing in a superconductor based on a mesoscopic superconducting island coupled to normal metal leads. On average, exactly one electron passes through…
We demonstrate radiofrequency thermometry on a micrometer-sized metallic island below 100 mK. Our device is based on a normal metal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction coupled to a resonator with transmission readout. In the first…
We demonstrate an efficient and continuous microwave photon to electron converter with large quantum efficiency ($83\%$) and low dark current. These unique properties are enabled by the use of a high kinetic inductance disordered…
In this paper, frequency dynamics in modern power systems with a high penetration of converter-based generation is analysed. A fundamental analysis of the frequency dynamics is performed to identify the limitations and challenges when the…
As field-programmable gate arrays become prevalent in critical application domains, their power consumption is of high concern. In this paper, we present and evaluate a power monitoring scheme capable of accurately estimating the runtime…
Power measurement algorithms based on Fourier transform are susceptible to errors caused by interharmonics, while wavelet transform algorithms are particularly sensitive to even harmonics due to band decomposition effects. The empirical…
Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display (multi-)fractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator about the balance on…
Schemes aimed at transferring individual electrons in semiconductor devices and detecting possible transfer errors have increasing importance for metrological applications. We study the coupling of a superconducting Josephson-junction-based…
The detection of weak forces is a central problem in physics and engineering, ranging in importance from fundamental pursuits such as precision tests of gravity, gravitational-wave detection, and searches for dark matter, to applications…
With the popularity of wireless charging, energy access protection and cybersecurity are gaining importance, especially in public places. Currently, the most common energy encryption method uses frequency and associated impedance variation.…
Power electronics converters are key enablers in the global energy transition for power generation, industrial and mobility applications; they convert electrical power in a controlled, reliable and efficient manner. The semiconductor…
The paper describes the realization process of the high frequency power standard based on a twin broadband microcalorimeter designed for effective efficiency measurement of coaxial power sensors with indirect heating thermocouples. The…
Power converters are present in increasing numbers in the electric power grid. They are a major source of harmonic currents and voltages, which can reduce power quality and trip protection devices. The frequency coupling matrix (FCM) is a…
Electron counting experiments attempt to provide a current of a known number of electrons per unit time. We propose architectures utilizing a few readily available electron-pumps or turnstiles with the typical error rates of 100 ppm with…