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Neural Image Classifiers are effective but inherently hard to interpret and susceptible to adversarial attacks. Solutions to both problems exist, among others, in the form of counterfactual examples generation to enhance explainability or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Rafael Bischof , Florian Scheidegger , Michael A. Kraus , A. Cristiano I. Malossi

This paper examines the vulnerabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to adversarial attacks and explores a method for their safeguarding. In this study, CNNs were implemented on four of the most common image datasets, namely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Koushik Chowdhury

While deep learning techniques have provided the state-of-the-art performance in various clinical tasks, explainability regarding their decision-making process can greatly enhance the credence of these methods for safer and quicker clinical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Zirui Qiu , Hassan Rivaz , Yiming Xiao

Deep learning models as an emerging topic have shown great progress in various fields. Especially, visualization tools such as class activation mapping methods provided visual explanation on the reasoning of convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Ali Caglayan , Nevrez Imamoglu , Oguzhan Guclu , Ali Osman Serhatoglu , Weimin Wang , Ahmet Burak Can , Ryosuke Nakamura

Data series classification is an important and challenging problem in data science. Explaining the classification decisions by finding the discriminant parts of the input that led the algorithm to some decisions is a real need in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Paul Boniol , Mohammed Meftah , Emmanuel Remy , Themis Palpanas

The use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to estimate the galaxy photometric redshift probability distribution by analysing the images in different wavelength bands has been developed in the recent years thanks to the rapid development…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-25 Jean-Eric Campagne

Methods based on class activation maps (CAM) provide a simple mechanism to interpret predictions of convolutional neural networks by using linear combinations of feature maps as saliency maps. By contrast, masking-based methods optimize a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Hanwei Zhang , Felipe Torres , Ronan Sicre , Yannis Avrithis , Stephane Ayache

Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality that can be conveniently used to classify suspicious breast nodules and potentially detect the onset of breast cancer. Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) techniques have shown…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Hamza Rasaee , Hassan Rivaz

We propose the gradient-weighted Object Detector Activation Maps (ODAM), a visualized explanation technique for interpreting the predictions of object detectors. Utilizing the gradients of detector targets flowing into the intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Chenyang Zhao , Antoni B. Chan

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are an effective approach for classification tasks, particularly when the training dataset is large. Although CNNs have long been considered a black-box classification method, they can be used as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuto Omae

Deep learning (DL) has gained popularity in recent years as an effective tool for classifying the current health and predicting the future of industrial equipment. However, most DL models have black-box components with an underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hao Lu , Austin M. Bray , Chao Hu , Andrew T. Zimmerman , Hongyi Xu

Despite their black-box nature, deep learning models are extensively used in image-based drug discovery to extract feature vectors from single cells in microscopy images. To better understand how these networks perform representation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-27 Vivek Gopalakrishnan , Jingzhe Ma , Zhiyong Xie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are deep learning models that take graph data as inputs, and they are applied to various tasks such as traffic prediction and molecular property prediction. However, owing to the complexity of the GNNs, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Tetsu Kasanishi , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Learning powerful discriminative features for remote sensing image scene classification is a challenging computer vision problem. In the past, most classification approaches were based on handcrafted features. However, most recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Jun Li , Daoyu Lin , Yang Wang , Guangluan Xu , Chibiao Ding

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) is a powerful technique used to understand the decision making of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in computer vision. Recently, there have been attempts not only to generate better visual explanations, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Kwang Hee Lee , Chaewon Park , Junghyun Oh , Nojun Kwak

Neural network quantization has become increasingly popular due to efficient memory consumption and faster computation resulting from bitwise operations on the quantized networks. Even though they exhibit excellent generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Kartik Gupta , Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan

Transformer-based language models significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in many linguistic tasks. As this revolution continues, the ability to explain model predictions has become a major area of interest for the NLP community. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Oren Barkan , Edan Hauon , Avi Caciularu , Ori Katz , Itzik Malkiel , Omri Armstrong , Noam Koenigstein

We describe an explainable AI saliency map method for use with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that is much more efficient than popular fine-resolution gradient methods. It is also quantitatively similar or better in accuracy. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Barry Y. Chen , Gerald Friedland

This chapter introduces the concept of adversarial attacks on image classification models built on convolutional neural networks (CNN). CNNs are very popular deep-learning models which are used in image classification tasks. However, very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jaydip Sen , Subhasis Dasgupta

Interpreting Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is critical for safety-sensitive applications such as healthcare and autonomous systems. Popular visual explanation methods like Grad-CAM use a single convolutional layer, potentially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Casey Wall , Longwei Wang , Rodrigue Rizk , KC Santosh