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We obtain an explicit formula for the bracket of the exceptional simple Lie algebra E8 based on triality and oct-octonions, following the Barton-Sudbery description of E8. Furthermore, we provide descriptions of the subalgebras E6 and E7…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Andreas Kollross

The gauge group of strong and electroweak interactions in Nature could be any of the four that share the same Lie algebra, $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y/Z_p\equiv G_p$ with $Z_p=\left\{Z_6,Z_3,Z_2,Z_1\right\}$. Each of these cases…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-05 Rodrigo Alonso , Despoina Dimakou , Mia West

In the model every quark or lepton is identified with a quartet of four "more elementary" particles. One particle in a quartet is a massive spin-0 boson and other three particles are massless spin-1/2 fermions.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 N. G. Marchuk

We show how one may classify all semisimple algebras containing the $\mathfrak{su}(3)\oplus \mathfrak{su}(2) \oplus \mathfrak{u}(1)$ symmetry of the Standard Model and acting on some given matter sector, enabling theories beyond the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-20 B C Allanach , Ben Gripaios , Joseph Tooby-Smith

We construct a supersymmetric standard model in the context of the Z_{12-I} orbifold compactification of the E_8 x E_8' heterotic string theory. The gauge group is SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y x U(1)^4 x [SO(10) x U(1)^3]' with sin^2\theta_W…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-11-01 Jihn E. Kim , Ji-Hun Kim , Bumseok Kyae

One of the interesting features in unification models and supersymmetric unification models is that the chiral states of quarks and leptons in a family including a right-handed neutrino can be fitted neatly into a fundamental spinor…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-02-03 Huazhong Zhang

Seven commuting elements of the Clifford algebra $Cl_{7,7}$ define seven binary eigenvalues that distinguish the $2^7=128$ states of 32 fermions, and determine their parity, electric charge and interactions. Three commuting elements of the…

General Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Douglas Newman

We attempt to go beyond the standard electroweak theory by replacing SU(2) with its q-deformation: SU_q(2). This step introduces new degrees of freedom that we interpret as indicative of non-locality and as a possible basis for a solitonic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Robert J. Finkelstein

We study a supersymmetric SO(10) gauge theory in six dimensions compactified on an orbifold. Three sequential quark-lepton families are localized at the three fixpoints where SO(10) is broken to its three GUT subgroups. Split bulk…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-19 T. Asaka , W. Buchmuller , L. Covi

We consider six-dimensional supergravity with gauge group $SO(10)\times U(1)_A$, compactified on the orbifold $T^2 / \mathbb{Z}_2$. Three quark-lepton generations arise as zero modes of a bulk $\bf16$-plet due to magnetic flux of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-14 Wilfried Buchmuller , Markus Dierigl , Fabian Ruehle , Julian Schweizer

We propose a unified model of elementary particles based on a supersymmetric SO(10)$_{GUT} \:\times$ SO(6)$_H$ gauge theory. This model completely achieves natural unification of the strong and electroweak interactions without any…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 T. Hotta , K. -I. Izawa. , T. Yanagida

In this talk, we propose a GUT scenario in which doublet-triplet splitting is naturally realized in SO(10) unification using the Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism and the realistic mass matrices of quarks and leptons are obtained in a simple…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Nobuhiro Maekawa

An extension of the Standard Model to the local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ which is a subgroup of the electroweak-strong unification group $E_6$ is analyzed. The mass scales, the gauge boson masses, and the masses…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-23 Luis A. Sanchez , William A. Ponce , R. Martinez

The Standard Model of the theory of elementary particles is based on the $U(1)\times SU(2)\times SU(3)$ symmetry. In the presence of a gravitation field, i. e. in a non-flat space-time manifold, this symmetry is implemented through three…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ruslan Sharipov

We present the mathematical framework for a unified theory based upon su(1|5). The Lie superalgebra su(1|5) has irreducible representations of dimension 32, in which the 32 fundamental fermions of one generation (leptons and quarks, of left…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 N. I. Stoilova , J. Van der Jeugt

Octonions are introduced through some spin representations. The groups $G_2$, $F_4$ and the $E$ series appear in a natural manner; one way to understand octonions is as the "second coming" of the reals, but with the spinors instead of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Luis J. Boya

We propose an interpretation for the adjoint representation of the $SO(32)$ group to classify the scalars of a generic Supersymmetric Standard Model having just three generations of particles, via a flavour group $SU(5)$. We show that this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-17 Alejandro Rivero

We construct the well-known decomposition of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_8$ into representations of $\mathfrak{e}_6\oplus\mathfrak{su}(3)$ using explicit matrix representations over pairs of division algebras. The minimal representation…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Tevian Dray , Corinne A. Manogue , Robert A. Wilson

The 8 $\times$ 8 matrix representation of SO(8) Symmetry has been defined by using the direct product of Pauli matrices and Gamma matrices. These 8 $\times$ 8 matrices are being used to describe the rotations in SO(8) symmetry. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-12-12 Pushpa , P. S. Bisht , Tianjun Li , O. P. S. Negi

The Standard Model data suggests the realization of grand unification structures in nature, in particular that of SO(10). A class of string vacua that preserve the SO(10) embedding, are the three generation free fermion heterotic-string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Alon E. Faraggi