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The second Hardy-Littlewood conjecture asserts that the prime counting function $\pi(x)$ satisfies the subadditive inequality \begin{align*} \pi(x+y)\leqslant \pi(x)+\pi (y) \end{align*} for all integers $x,y\geqslant 2$. By linking the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Bittu Chahal , Ertan Elma , Nic Fellini , Akshaa Vatwani , Do Nhat Tan Vo

We study the distribution functions of several classical error terms in analytic number theory, focusing on the remainder term in the Dirichlet divisor problem $\Delta(x)$. We first bound the discrepancy between the distribution function of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-07 Youness Lamzouri

The author gives nontrivial upper and lower bounds for the number of primes in the interval $[x - x^{\theta}, x]$ for some $0.52 \leqslant \theta \leqslant 0.525$, showing that the interval $[x - x^{0.52}, x]$ contains prime numbers for all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Runbo Li

The distribution of prime numbers is here considered. We show a formula for $li^{-1}$ and we study the $\pi(x)$ function and Riemann's hypothesis.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Balan

The prime counting function inequality $\pi(x+y) < \pi(x)+\pi(y)$, which is known as Hardy-Littlewood conjecture, has been established for a variety of cases such as $ \delta x \leq y \leq x$, where $0< \delta \leq 1$, and $x \leq y\leq x…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-08-08 N. A. Carella

For a fixed exponent $0 < \theta \leq 1$, it is expected that we have the prime number theorem in short intervals $\sum_{x \leq n < x+x^\theta} \Lambda(n) \sim x^\theta$ as $x \to \infty$. From the recent zero density estimates of Guth and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Ayla Gafni , Terence Tao

We improve the upper bound of the following inequalities for the gamma function $\Gamma$ due to H. Alzer and the author. \begin{equation*}…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-05-18 Necdet Batir

Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we provide uniform upper bounds with explicit main terms for moduli of $\left(\cL'/\cL\right)(s)$ and $\log{\cL(s)}$ for $1/2+\delta\leq\sigma<1$, fixed $\delta\in(0,1/2)$ and for functions in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Neea Palojärvi , Aleksander Simonič

Let $\left[x\right]$ be the largest integer not exceeding $x$. For $0<\theta \leq 1$, let $\pi_{\theta}(x)$ denote the number of integers $n$ with $1 \leq n \leq x^{\theta}$ such that $\left[\frac{x}{n}\right]$ is prime and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Runbo Li

We present the formalization of Dirichlet's theorem on the infinitude of primes in arithmetic progressions, and Selberg's elementary proof of the prime number theorem, which asserts that the number $\pi(x)$ of primes less than $x$ is…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Mario Carneiro

For $i\in \{1,2,3\}$, let $E_i(x)$ denote the error term in each of the three theorems of Mertens on the asymptotic distribution of prime numbers. We show that for $i\in \{1,2\}$ the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the condition…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Tianyu Zhao

We prove that given $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $0 < \lambda < 1$, then $\pi(x + x^\lambda) - \pi(x) \sim \displaystyle \frac{x^\lambda}{\log(x)}$. This solves a long-standing problem concerning the existence of primes in short…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Luan Alberto Ferreira

Fix $\delta\in(0,1]$, $\sigma_0\in[0,1)$ and a real-valued function $\varepsilon(x)$ for which $\limsup_{x\to\infty}\varepsilon(x)\le 0$. For every set of primes ${\mathcal P}$ whose counting function $\pi_{\mathcal P}(x)$ satisfies an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-17 William D. Banks

Let \beta be a real number. Then for almost all irrational \alpha>0 (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) \limsup_{x\to\infty}\pi_{\alpha,\beta}^*(x)(\log x)^2/x>=1, where \pi_{\alpha,\beta}^*(x)={p<=x: both p and [\alpha p+\beta] are primes}.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-04-05 Hongze Li , Hao Pan

We show that, on the Riemann hypothesis, $\limsup_{X\to\infty}I(X)/X^{2} \leq 0.8603$, where $I(X) = \int_X^{2X} (\psi(x)-x)^2\,dx.$ This proves (and improves on) a claim by Pintz from 1982. We also show unconditionally that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-17 Richard P. Brent , David J. Platt , Timothy S. Trudgian

We examine the size of $E_{2}(T)$, the error term in the asymptotic formula for $\int_{0}^{T} |\zeta(1/2 + it)|^{4}\, dt$ where $\zeta(s)$ is the Riemann zeta-function. We make improvements in the powers of $\log T$ in the known bounds for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Neea Palojärvi , Tim Trudgian

In this article, we prove an explicit bound for $N(\sigma,T)$, the number of zeros of the Riemann zeta function satisfying $\sigma < \Re s <1 $ and $0 < \Im s < T$. This result provides a significant improvement over Rosser's bound for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-21 Habiba Kadiri

We make explicit a theorem of Pintz concerning the error term in the prime number theorem. This gives an improved version of the prime number theorem with error term roughly square-root of that which was previously known. We apply this to a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Dave Platt , Tim Trudgian

Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a(n)e^{2\pi i nz}\in S_k^{new}(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a newform of even weight $k\geq2$ that does not have complex multiplication. Then $a(n)\in\mathbb{R}$ for all $n$, so for any prime $p$, there exists…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-13 Jesse Thorner

In this paper we establish a new explicit upper and lower bound for the $n$-th prime number, which improve the currently best estimates given by Dusart in 2010. As the main tool we use some recently obtained explicit estimates for the prime…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-05 Christian Axler
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