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Estimation of individual treatment effects is commonly used as the basis for contextual decision making in fields such as healthcare, education, and economics. However, it is often sufficient for the decision maker to have estimates of…
As machine learning models are increasingly employed to assist human decision-makers, it becomes critical to communicate the uncertainty associated with these model predictions. However, the majority of work on uncertainty has focused on…
In recent years, numerous studies have been published dealing with the effect of individual characteristics of pedestrians on the fundamental diagram. These studies compared cumulative data on individuals in a group homogeneous in terms of…
Children's growth extends beyond height and weight. This paper introduces the Multidimensional Index of Child Growth (MICG), developed by the IUNS Task Force "Towards a Multidimensional Approach for Child Growth." The IUNS-MICG applies a…
Darwinian evolution is driven by random mutations, genetic recombination (gene shuffling) and selection that favors genotypes with high fitness. For systems where each genotype can be represented as a bitstring of length $L$, an overview of…
Randomized trials are often conducted with separate randomizations across multiple sites such as schools, voting districts, or hospitals. These sites can differ in important ways, including the site's implementation, local conditions, and…
For two genotypes that have the same mean number of offspring but differ in the variance in offspring number, natural selection will favor the genotype with lower variance. The concept of fitness becomes cloudy under these conditions…
Nutrition is a key determinant of long-term health, and social influence has long been theorized to be a key determinant of nutrition. It has been difficult to quantify the postulated role of social influence on nutrition using traditional…
Teens make life-changing decisions while constrained by the needs and resources of the households they grow up in. Household behavior models frequently delegate decision-making to the teen or their parents, ignoring joint decision-making in…
Two-stage randomization is a powerful design for estimating treatment effects in the presence of interference; that is, when one individual's treatment assignment affects another individual's outcomes. Our motivating example is a two-stage…
In many contexts, particularly when study subjects are adolescents, peer effects can invalidate typical statistical requirements in the data. For instance, it is plausible that a student's academic performance is influenced both by their…
The burden of diabetes has disproportionately impacted Hispanic/Latino residents in the United States, with diet recognized as a major modifiable risk factor. Outcome-dependent dietary patterns provide insight into what foods may be…
Healthcare quality metrics refer to a variety of measures used to characterize what should have been done or not done for a patient or the health consequences of what was or was not done. When estimating healthcare quality, many metrics are…
Objective: To exploit state variations in infant mortality, identify diagnoses that contributed to reduction of the infant mortality rate (IMR), and examine factors associated with preterm related mortality rate (PMR). Methods: Using linked…
Statistical boosting algorithms are renowned for their intrinsic variable selection and enhanced predictive performance compared to classical statistical methods, making them especially useful for complex models such as generalized additive…
Interrogating the evolution of biological changes at early stages of life requires longitudinal profiling of molecules, such as DNA methylation, which can be challenging with children. We introduce a probabilistic and longitudinal machine…
Health exams determine a patient's health status by comparing the patient's measurement with a population reference range, a 95% interval derived from a homogeneous reference population. Similarly, most of the established relation among…
As of this writing, there are five years remaining for countries to reach their Sustainable Development Goals deadline of 2030 as agreed to by the member countries of the United Nations. Countries are, therefore, naturally interested in…
Researchers have widely acknowledged the potential of control mechanisms with which end-users of recommender systems can better tailor recommendations. However, few e-learning environments so far incorporate such mechanisms, for example for…
Machine learning algorithms can sometimes exacerbate health disparities based on ethnicity, gender, and other factors. There has been limited work at exploring potential biases within algorithms deployed on a small scale, and/or within…