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In this work, we evaluate the effectiveness of representation learning approaches for decision making in visually complex environments. Representation learning is essential for effective reinforcement learning (RL) from high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Jun Yamada , Karl Pertsch , Anisha Gunjal , Joseph J. Lim

Online Learning to Rank (OLTR) optimises ranking models using implicit user feedback, such as clicks. Unlike traditional Learning to Rank (LTR) methods that rely on a static set of training data with relevance judgements to learn a ranking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shuyi Wang

We study counterfactual classification as a new tool for decision-making under hypothetical (contrary to fact) scenarios. We propose a doubly-robust nonparametric estimator for a general counterfactual classifier, where we can incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Kwangho Kim , Edward H. Kennedy , José R. Zubizarreta

Optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), as a key part of precision medicine, have progressively gained more attention recently. To inform clinical decision making, interpretable and parsimonious models for contrast functions are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Chunyu Wang , Brian Tom

We consider the off-policy evaluation (OPE) problem in contextual bandits, where the goal is to estimate the value of a target policy using the data collected by a logging policy. Most popular approaches to the OPE are variants of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-20 Sutanoy Dasgupta , Yabo Niu , Kishan Panaganti , Dileep Kalathil , Debdeep Pati , Bani Mallick

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved great success in solving complicated decision-making problems. Despite the successes, DRL is frequently criticized for many reasons, e.g., data inefficient, inflexible and intractable reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Weiqin Chen

In precision medicine, Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are treatment protocols that adapt over time in response to a patient's observed characteristics. A DTR is a set of decision functions that takes an individual patient's information as…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-17 Cong Jiang , Michael Wallace , Mary Thompson

In many real-world settings, reinforcement learning systems suffer performance degradation when the environment encountered at deployment differs from that observed during training. Distributionally robust reinforcement learning (DR-RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Debamita Ghosh , George K. Atia , Yue Wang

MDPs with low-rank transitions -- that is, the transition matrix can be factored into the product of two matrices, left and right -- is a highly representative structure that enables tractable learning. The left matrix enables expressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Audrey Huang , Jinglin Chen , Nan Jiang

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) describes the problem of learning an unknown reward function of a Markov Decision Process (MDP) from observed behavior of an agent. Since the agent's behavior originates in its policy and MDP policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-14 Michael Herman , Tobias Gindele , Jörg Wagner , Felix Schmitt , Wolfram Burgard

We revisit the estimation bias in policy gradients for the discounted episodic Markov decision process (MDP) from Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) perspective. The objective is formulated theoretically as the expected returns discounted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Haoxuan Pan , Deheng Ye , Xiaoming Duan , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang , Jianping He , Mingfei Sun

Post-click conversion rate (CVR) estimation is a critical task in e-commerce recommender systems. This task is deemed quite challenging under the industrial setting with two major issues: 1) selection bias caused by user self-selection, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Wenhao Zhang , Wentian Bao , Xiao-Yang Liu , Keping Yang , Quan Lin , Hong Wen , Ramin Ramezani

Off-policy evaluation and learning (OPE/L) use offline observational data to make better decisions, which is crucial in applications where online experimentation is limited. However, depending entirely on logged data, OPE/L is sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Kaiwen Wang , Zhengyuan Zhou

Despite the development of ranking optimization techniques, pointwise loss remains the dominating approach for click-through rate prediction. It can be attributed to the calibration ability of the pointwise loss since the prediction can be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Xiang-Rong Sheng , Jingyue Gao , Yueyao Cheng , Siran Yang , Shuguang Han , Hongbo Deng , Yuning Jiang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Doubly robust (DR) estimation is a crucial technique in causal inference and missing data problems. We propose a novel Propensity score Augmentved Doubly robust (PAD) estimator to enhance the commonly used DR estimator for average treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-18 Liangbo Lyu , Molei Liu

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a pivotal task in product and content recommendation, where learning effective feature embeddings is of great significance. However, traditional methods typically learn fixed feature representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chen Zhu , Liang Du , Hong Chen , Shuang Zhao , Zixun Sun , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) plays a central role in improving the reasoning and alignment of large language models, yet its efficiency critically depends on how training data are selected. Existing online selection strategies predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinyu Zhou , Boyu Zhu , Haotian Zhang , Huiming Wang , Zhijiang Guo

Ranking is a crucial module using in the recommender system. In particular, the ranking module using in our YoungTao recommendation scenario is to provide an ordered list of items to users, to maximize the click number throughout the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Shaowei Liu , Yangjun Liu

Reranking improves recommendation quality by modeling item interactions. However, existing methods often decouple ranking and reranking, leading to weak listwise evaluation models that suffer from combinatorial sparsity and limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Guoxiao Zhang , Tan Qu , Ao Li , DongLin Ni , Qianlong Xie , Xingxing Wang

Online learning to rank is a core problem in information retrieval and machine learning. Many provably efficient algorithms have been recently proposed for this problem in specific click models. The click model is a model of how the user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Masrour Zoghi , Tomas Tunys , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Branislav Kveton , Csaba Szepesvari , Zheng Wen