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Test-time scaling has emerged as a promising direction for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models in last few years. In this work, we propose Population-Evolve, a training-free method inspired by Genetic Algorithms to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yanzhi Zhang , Yitong Duan , Zhaoxi Zhang , Jiyan He , Shuxin Zheng

We examine the pertinent geometric characteristics of entanglement that arise from stationary Hamiltonian evolutions transitioning from separable to maximally entangled two-qubit quantum states. From a geometric perspective, each evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Carlo Cafaro , James Schneeloch

In exponential population growth, variability in the timing of individual division events and environmental factors (including stochastic inoculation) compound to produce variable growth trajectories. In several stochastic models of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-25 Eric W. Jones , Joshua Derrick , Roger M. Nisbet , Will Ludington , David A. Sivak

Socio-economic inequalities derived from an exhaustive wealth distribution is studied in a closed geographical region from Transylvania (Romania). Exhaustive wealth data is computed from the agricultural records of the Sancraiu commune for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-12-02 István Gere , Szabolcs Kelemen , Tamás S. Biró , Zoltán Néda

Growth rate of real GDP per capita is represented as a sum of two components -- a monotonically decreasing economic trend and fluctuations related to a specific age population change. The economic trend is modeled by an inverse function of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Ivan O. Kitov

Building upon the eco-evolutionary game dynamics framework established by Tilman et al., we investigate stochastic fluctuations in a two-strategy system incorporating environmental feedback mechanisms, where the payoff matrix exhibits…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Chao Wang , Minlan Li , Chang Liu

To analyze the evolutionary emergence of structural complexity in physical processes we introduce a general, but tractable, model of objects that interact to produce new objects. Since the objects--\emph{$epsilon$-machines}--have well…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 James P. Crutchfield , Olof Gornerup

Nowadays, in our globalized world,the local and intercountry movements of population have been increased. This situation makes it important for host countries to do right predictions for the future population of their native people as well…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-02 F. Buyukkılıç , Z. Ok Bayrakdar , D. Demirhan

We use the logistic equation to model the dynamics of the GDP and the trade of the six countries with the highest GDP in the world, namely, USA, China, Japan, Germany, UK and India. From the modelling of the economic data, which are made…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-27 Abhin Kakkad , Arnab K. Ray

Evolutionary multitasking has recently emerged as a novel paradigm that enables the similarities and/or latent complementarities (if present) between distinct optimization tasks to be exploited in an autonomous manner simply by solving them…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Entropy plays a key role in statistical physics of complex systems, which in general exhibit diverse aspects of emergence on different scales. However, it still remains not fully resolved how entropy varies with the coarse-graining level…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-07 Segun Goh , Jungzae Choi , MooYoung Choi , Byung-Gook Yoon

While wealth distribution in the world is highly skewed and heavy-tailed, human talent - as the majority of individual features - is normally distributed. In a recent computational study by Pluchino et al [Talent vs luck: The role of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-16 Damien Challet , Alessandro Pluchino , Alessio Emanuele Biondo , Andrea Rapisarda

We define the harmonic evolution of states of a graph by iterative application of the harmonic operator (Laplacian over $Z_2$). This provides graphs with a new geometric context and leads to a new tool to analyze them. The digraphs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-09 Jerzy Kocik

Scale independence is a ubiquitous feature of complex systems which implies a highly skewed distribution of resources with no characteristic scale. Research has long focused on why systems as varied as protein networks, evolution and stock…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-08 Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Antoine Allard , Jean-Gabriel Young , Louis J. Dubé

A novel mathematical framework is proposed to describe the ecological and evolutionary consequences of consumer--resource interactions. Both the consumer and resource are assumed to consist of several (sub)species, which interact between…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Alexander S. Bratus , Sergei V. Drozhzhin , Artem S. Novozhilov

The evolutionary dynamics of the Public Goods game addresses the emergence of cooperation within groups of individuals. However, the Public Goods game on large populations of interconnected individuals has been usually modeled without any…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Gómez-Gardeñes , M. Romance , R. Criado , D. Vilone , A. Sánchez

Biological time can be measured in two ways: in generations and in physical (chronological) time. When generations overlap, these two notions diverge, which impedes our ability to relate mathematical models to real populations. In this…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-08 Kaan Öcal , Michael P. H. Stumpf

We study a stochastic multiplicative system composed of finite asynchronous elements to describe the wealth evolution in financial markets. We find that the wealth fluctuations or returns of this system can be described by a walk with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Zhi-Feng Huang , Sorin Solomon

In this paper, we show that different types of evolutionary game dynamics are, in principle, special cases of a dynamical system model based on our previously reported framework of generalized growth transforms. The framework shows that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Oindrila Chatterjee , Shantanu Chakrabartty

In this article, a new mathematical model of human population growth as an autonomous non-Markov queuing system with an unlimited number of servers and two types of applications is proposed. The research of this system was carried out a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-22 Mariia Nosova