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The 21cm line from the spin-flip transition of neutral hydrogen (HI) provides a unique window into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the final phase transition of our Universe. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) enables precise measurements of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yannic Pietschke , Caroline Heneka , Tom Schlenker , Ayodele Ore , Benedikt Schosser

Next generation radio experiments such as LOFAR, HERA and SKA are expected to probe the Epoch of Reionization and claim a first direct detection of the cosmic 21cm signal within the next decade. Data volumes will be enormous and can thus…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-03 Claude J Schmit , Jonathan R Pritchard

Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are epochs of the Universe which host invaluable information about the cosmology and astrophysics of X-ray heating and hydrogen reionization. Radio interferometric observations of the 21-cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-10 Anchal Saxena , Alex Cole , Simon Gazagnes , P. Daniel Meerburg , Christoph Weniger , Samuel J. Witte

Motivated by the desire for wide-field images with well-defined statistical properties for 21cm cosmology, we implement an optimal mapping pipeline that computes a maximum likelihood estimator for the sky using the interferometric…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-28 Zhilei Xu , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Kai-Feng Chen , Honggeun Kim , Joshua S. Dillon , Nicholas S. Kern , Miguel F. Morales , Bryna J. Hazelton , Ruby Byrne , Nicolas Fagnoni , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Adam P. Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steven Carey , Chris L. Carilli , Carina Cheng , David R. DeBoer , Matt Dexter , Nico Eksteen , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Brian Glendenning , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Jack Hickish , Daniel C. Jacobs , Austin Julius , MacCalvin Kariseb , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-zhe Ma , David Harold Edward MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Keith Malgas , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Andrei Mesinger , Mathakane Molewa , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Steven G. Murray , Abraham R. Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Jonathan C. Pober , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Peter Sims , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Pieter Van Van Wyngaarden , Peter K. G. Williams , Haoxuan Zheng

Interferometric experiments of the reionization era offer the advantages of measuring power in spatial modes with increased sensitivity afforded by multiple independent sky measurements. Here we review early work to measure this signal,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-30 Cathryn M. Trott , Jonathan C. Pober

A detection of the 21 cm signal can provide a unique window of opportunity for uncovering complex astrophysical phenomena at the epoch of reionization and placing constraints on cosmology at high redshifts, which are usually elusive to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-21 Danial Baradaran , Boryana Hadzhiyska , Martin J. White , Noah Sailer

We present here 21 cm predictions from high dynamic range simulations for a range of reionization histories that have been tested against available Lyman-alpha and CMB data. We assess the observability of the predicted spatial 21 cm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-13 Girish Kulkarni , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury , Ewald Puchwein , Martin G. Haehnelt

High-redshift 21-cm observations will provide crucial insights into the physical processes of the Epoch of Reionization. Next-generation interferometers such as the Square Kilometer Array will have enough sensitivity to directly image the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-27 Simon Gazagnes , Léon V. E. Koopmans , Michael H. F. Wilkinson

The redshifted 21-cm signal is a unique probe of the early universe, particularly the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). While the 21-cm power spectrum has been the primary statistic for parameter inference, it fails to capture the non-Gaussian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Anoop Krishna , Deepthi Moorkanat , Hiten , Rajesh Mondal

Cross-correlating 21cm and Ly$\alpha$ intensity maps of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) promises to be a powerful tool for exploring the properties of the first galaxies. Next-generation intensity mapping experiments such as the Hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Tyler A. Cox , Daniel C. Jacobs , Steven G. Murray

We present a new approach to measure the power-law temperature density relationship $T=T_0 (\rho / \bar{\rho})^{\gamma -1}$ and the UV background photoionization rate $\Gamma_{\rm HI}$ of the IGM based on the Voigt profile decomposition of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-18 Teng Hu , Vikram Khaire , Joseph F. Hennawi , Michael Walther , Hector Hiss , Justin Alsing , Jose Oñorbe , Zarija Lukic , Frederick Davies

We report the most sensitive upper limits to date on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum using 94 nights of observing with Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). Using similar analysis techniques as in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-28 The HERA Collaboration , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Rennan Barkana , Adam P. Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Daniela Breitman , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steve Carey , Chris L. Carilli , Carina Cheng , Samir Choudhuri , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Joshua S. Dillon , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Hugh Garsden , Brian Glendenning , Adélie Gorce , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna J. Hazelton , Stefan Heimersheim , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Daniel C. Jacobs , Austin Julius , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , David Lewis , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-Zhe Ma , David H. E. MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Keith Malgas , Cresshim Malgas , Matthys Maree , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Lisa McBride , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel F. Morales , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Julian B. Muñoz , Steven G. Murray , Vighnesh Nagpal , Abraham R. Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Chuneeta D. Nunhokee , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Yuxiang Qin , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Peter Sims , Saurabh Singh , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Jianrong Tan , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Michael J. Wilensky , Peter K. G. Williams , Pieter van Wyngaarden , Haoxuan Zheng

Observations of the high-redshift Universe using the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen and complimentary emission lines from the first galaxies promise to open a new door for our understanding of the epoch of reionization. We present…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-13 Sebastian Dumitru , Girish Kulkarni , Guilaine Lagache , Martin G. Haehnelt

Our understanding of the intergalactic medium at redshifts $z=5$-$6$ has improved considerably in the last few years due to the discovery of quasars with $z>6$ that enable Lyman-$\alpha$ forest studies at these redshifts. A realisation from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Janakee Raste , Girish Kulkarni , Laura C. Keating , Martin G. Haehnelt , Jonathan Chardin , Dominique Aubert

We present the first application of the isosceles bispectrum to MCMC parameter inference from the cosmic 21-cm signal. We extend the MCMC sampler 21cmMC to use the fast bispectrum code, BiFFT, when computing the likelihood. We create mock…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-19 Catherine A. Watkinson , Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

Radio interferometers, such as the Low-Frequency Array and the future Square Kilometre Array, are attempting to measure the spherically averaged 21-cm power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization. Understanding of the dominant physical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Ivelin Georgiev , Garrelt Mellema , Sambit K. Giri , Rajesh Mondal

Observations of redshifted 21cm radiation from HI at high redshifts is an important future probe of reionization. We consider the Multi-frequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) to quantify the statistics of the HI signal as a joint function…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Kanan K. Datta , T. Roy Choudhury , Somnath Bharadwaj

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is one of the systematic challenges preventing 21cm interferometric instruments from detecting the Epoch of Reionization. To mitigate the effects of RFI on data analysis pipelines, numerous inpaint…

The properties of the first galaxies, expected to drive the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), are encoded in the 3D structure of the cosmic 21-cm signal. Parameter inference from upcoming 21-cm observations promises to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-24 Jaehong Park , Andrei Mesinger , Bradley Greig , Nicolas Gillet