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During the Epoch of reionisation, the intergalactic medium is reionised by the UV radiation from the first generation of stars and galaxies. One tracer of the process is the 21 cm line of hydrogen that will be observed by the Square…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-29 Julien Hiegel , Emilie Thélie , Dominique Aubert , Jonathan Chardin , Nicolas Gillet , Pierre Galois , Nicolas Mai , Pierre Ocvirk , Rodrigo Ibata

Preliminary results are presented from a simple, single-antenna experiment designed to measure the all-sky radio spectrum between 100 and 200 MHz. The system used an internal comparison-switching scheme to reduce non-smooth instrumental…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Judd D. Bowman , Alan E. E. Rogers , Jacqueline N. Hewitt

The 21 cm bispectrum (BS) offers a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), but its observational access is severely hindered by dominant astrophysical foregrounds. Considering Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) observations at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-20 Sukhdeep Singh Gill , Khandakar Md Asif Elahi , Somnath Bharadwaj , Shiv K. Sethi , Akash Kumar Patwa

The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) team has derived new upper limits on the spherically averaged power spectrum of the 21-cm signal at six redshifts in the range $z \approx 6.5-8.7$. We use these upper limits and a Bayesian inference…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Raghunath Ghara , Sambit K. Giri , Benedetta Ciardi , Garrelt Mellema , Saleem Zaroubi

Current and upcoming radio interferometric experiments are aiming to make a statistical characterization of the high-redshift 21cm fluctuation signal spanning the hydrogen reionization and X-ray heating epochs of the universe. However,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-19 Nicholas S. Kern , Adrian Liu , Aaron R. Parsons , Andrei Mesinger , Bradley Greig

Observations of the frequency dependence of the global brightness temperature of the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen may be possible with single dipole experiments. In this paper, we develop a Fisher matrix formalism for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-21 Jonathan R. Pritchard , Abraham Loeb

Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-21 The HERA Collaboration , Zara Abdurashidova , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki Ali , Yanga Balfour , Rennan Barkana , Adam Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee Billings , Judd Bowman , Richard Bradley , Phillip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steven Carey , Christopher Carilli , Carina Cheng , David DeBoer , Matthew Dexter , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Joshua Dillon , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Randall Fritz , Steven Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Brian Glendenning , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna Hazelton , Stefan Heimersheim , Jacqueline Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Daniel Jacobs , Austin Julius , Nicholas Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Telalo Lekalake , David Lewis , Adrian Liu , Yin-Zhe Ma , David MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Matthys Maree , Zachary Martinot , Eunice Matsetela , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel Morales , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Julian Munoz , Steven Murray , Abraham Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee , Aaron Parsons , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Jonathan Pober , Yuxiang Qin , N. Razavi-Ghods , Itamar Reis , Jon Ringuette , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario Santos , Sudipta Sikder , Peter Sims , Craig Smith , Angelo Syce , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Peter Williams , Haoxuan Zheng

Probing statistical distribution of the neutral hydrogen (\HI) using the redshifted 21-cm hyperfine-transition spectral line holds the key to understand the formation and evolution of the matter density in the universe. The two-point…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-24 Urvashi Arora , Prasun Dutta

The emission from neutral hydrogen (HI) clouds in the post-reionization era (z < 6), too faint to be individually detected, is present as a diffuse background in all low frequency radio observations below 1420 MHz. The angular and frequency…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-29 Somnath Bharadwaj , Shiv K. Sethi , Tarun Deep Saini

Neutral hydrogen (HI) intensity mapping traces the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe and therefore should correlate with the gamma-ray emission originated from particle dark matter annihilation or from active galactic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-03 Elena Pinetti , Stefano Camera , Nicolao Fornengo , Marco Regis

State-of-the-art simulations of reionisation-era 21-cm signal have limited volumes, generally orders of magnitude smaller than observations. Consequently, the Fourier modes in common between simulation and observation have limited overlap,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 Daniela Breitman , Andrei Mesinger , Steven G. Murray , Anshuman Acharya

By opening up new avenues to statistically constrain astrophysics and cosmology with large-scale structure observations, the line intensity mapping (LIM) technique calls for novel tools for efficient forward modeling and inference. Implicit…

We present a new method to infer parameters of the temperature-density relation in the intergalactic medium in the post-reionization epoch at $z\sim 2-4$. This method is based on the analysis of the Ly$\alpha$ absorbers distribution over…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-24 K. N. Telikova , P. S. Shternin , S. A. Balashev

The introduction of low-frequency radio arrays over the coming decade is expected to revolutionize the study of the reionization epoch. Observation of the contrast in redshifted 21cm emission between a large HII region and the surrounding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb , David Barnes

Mapping of the neutral hydrogen (HI) 21-cm intensity fluctuations across redshifts promises a novel and powerful probe of cosmology. The neutral hydrogen gas mass density, $\Omega_{\rm HI}$ and bias parameter, $b_{\rm HI}$ are key…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-10 Hamsa Padmanabhan , T. Roy Choudhury , Alexandre Refregier

I present our analysis of the 21cm power spectrum upper limits from the HERA radio interferometer, published in HERA Collaboration et al. 2022. We use the recent limits to constrain reionization and the properties of the IGM and galaxies in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-25 Stefan Heimersheim

Observation of redshifted 21-cm signals from neutral hydrogen holds the key to understanding the structure formation and its evolution during the reionization and post-reionization era. Apart from the presence of orders of magnitude larger…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Jais Kumar , Prasun Dutta , Samir Choudhuri , Nirupam Roy

We study the impact of instrumental systematics on the variance, skewness, and kurtosis of redshifted 21 cm intensity fluctuation observations from the Epoch of Reionization. We simulate realistic 21 cm observations based on the Murchison…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-20 Piyanat Kittiwisit , Judd D. Bowman , Daniel C. Jacobs , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Adam P. Beardsley

Intensity mapping of the 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen will yield exciting insights into the Epoch of Reionisation and the nature of the first galaxies. However, the large amount of data that will be generated by the next generation of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-15 Adélie Gorce , Anne Hutter , Jonathan R. Pritchard

We report the first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations during the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn from Phase II of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) experiment. HERA Phase II constitutes several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-27 The HERA Collaboration , Zuhra Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Rushelle Baartman , Rennan Barkana , Lindsay M. Berkhout , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Bruno B. Bizarria , Judd D. Bowman , Daniela Breitman , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Ruby Byrne , Steven Carey , Rajorshi Sushovan Chandra , Kai-Feng Chen , Samir Choudhuri , Tyler Cox , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Jiten Dhandha , Joshua S. Dillon , Scott Dynes , Nico Eksteen , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Hugh Garsden , Adelie Gorce , Deepthi Gorthi , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna J. Hazelton , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Tian Huang , Daniel C. Jacobs , Alec Josaitis , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Adrian Liu , Yin-Zhe Ma , David H. E. MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Keith Malgas , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Lisa McBride , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Nicel Mohamed-Hinds , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel F. Morales , Julian B. Muñoz , Steven G. Murray , Bojan Nikolic , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Simon Pochinda , Yuxiang Qin , Eleanor Rath , Nima Razavi-Ghods , Daniel Riley , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Saurabh Singh , Dara Storer , Hilton Swarts , Jianrong Tan , Emilie Thélie , Pieter van Wyngaarden , Michael J. Wilensky , Peter K. G. Williams , Haoxuan Zheng
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