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Related papers: Targeted Function Balancing

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We study treatment effect estimation with functional treatments where the average potential outcome functional is a function of functions, in contrast to continuous treatment effect estimation where the target is a function of real numbers.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-13 Jiayi Wang , Raymond K. W. Wong , Xiaoke Zhang , Kwun Chuen Gary Chan

Estimating causal effects from observational data is a central problem in many domains. A general approach is to balance covariates with weights such that the distribution of the data mimics randomization. We present generalized balancing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-02 Yoshiaki Kitazawa

Risk prediction models are a crucial tool in healthcare. Risk prediction models with a binary outcome (i.e., binary classification models) are often constructed using methodology which assumes the costs of different classification errors…

Contextual bandits are a core technology for personalized mobile health interventions, where decision-making requires adapting to complex, non-linear user behaviors. While Thompson Sampling (TS) is a preferred strategy for these problems,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ruizhe Deng , Bibhas Chakraborty , Ran Chen , Yan Shuo Tan

This paper develops an empirical balancing approach for the estimation of treatment effects under two-sided noncompliance using a binary conditionally independent instrumental variable. The method weighs both treatment and outcome…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-07-10 Phillip Heiler

Weighting is a general and often-used method for statistical adjustment. Weighting has two objectives: first, to balance covariate distributions, and second, to ensure that the weights have minimal dispersion and thus produce a more stable…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-02 Kwangho Kim , Bijan A. Niknam , José R. Zubizarreta

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) enables a collection of agents to collaboratively learn individual models without sharing raw data. We propose a new PFL approach in which each agent optimizes a weighted combination of all agents'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jean-Baptiste Fermanian , Batiste Le Bars , Aurélien Bellet

We introduce Targeted Smooth Bayesian Causal Forests (tsBCF), a nonparametric Bayesian approach for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects which vary smoothly over a single covariate in the observational data setting. The tsBCF method…

Educational policymakers often lack data on student outcomes where standardized tests were not administered. Machine learning can predict unobserved outcomes in target populations using source population data. However, covariate…

A common goal in observational research is to estimate marginal causal effects in the presence of confounding variables. One solution to this problem is to use the covariate distribution to weight the outcomes such that the data appear…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-18 Kevin P. Josey , Elizabeth Juarez-Colunga , Fan Yang , Debashis Ghosh

Covariate balancing is a popular technique for controlling confounding in observational studies. It finds weights for the treatment group which are close to uniform, but make the group's covariate means (approximately) equal to those of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-07 Shiva Kaul , Min-Gyu Kim

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a learning paradigm that enables the simultaneous training of multiple communicating algorithms. Although MTL has been successfully applied to ether regression or classification tasks alone, incorporating mixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Han Cao , Sivanesan Rajan , Bianka Hahn , Ersoy Kocak , Daniel Durstewitz , Emanuel Schwarz , Verena Schneider-Lindner

To make informed health policy decisions regarding a treatment, we must consider both its cost and its clinical effectiveness. In past work, we introduced the net benefit separation (NBS) as a novel measure of cost-effectiveness. The NBS is…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-27 Nicholas Illenberger , Nandita Mitra , Andrew J. Spieker

Accuracies of survival models for life expectancy prediction as well as critical-care applications are significantly compromised due to the sparsity of samples and extreme imbalance between the survival (usually, the majority) and mortality…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-16 Kahkashan Afrin , Gurudev Illangovan , Sanjay S. Srivatsa , Satish T. S. Bukkapatnam

We study a functional linear regression model that deals with functional responses and allows for both functional covariates and high-dimensional vector covariates. The proposed model is flexible and nests several functional regression…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-24 Daren Wang , Zifeng Zhao , Yi Yu , Rebecca Willett

This paper investigates the convergence properties of spectral algorithms -- a class of regularization methods originating from inverse problems -- under covariate shift. In this setting, the marginal distributions of inputs differ between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-08 Ren-Rui Liu , Zheng-Chu Guo

The forward-backward representation (FB) is a recently proposed framework (Touati et al., 2023; Touati & Ollivier, 2021) to train behavior foundation models (BFMs) that aim at providing zero-shot efficient policies for any new task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Edoardo Cetin , Ahmed Touati , Yann Ollivier

In observational causal inference, in order to emulate a randomized experiment, weights are used to render treatments independent of observed covariates. This property is known as balance; in its absence, estimated causal effects may be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-16 David Arbour , Drew Dimmery , Arjun Sondhi

When data on treatment assignment, outcomes, and covariates from a randomized trial are available, a question of interest is to what extent covariates can be used to optimize treatment decisions. Statistical hypothesis testing of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-02-04 Mohsen Sadatsafavi , Mohammad Ali Mansournia , Paul Gustafson

Causal inference starts with a simple idea: compare groups that differ by treatment, not much else. Traditionally, similar groups are constructed using only observed covariates; however, it remains a long-standing challenge to incorporate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Ying Jin , José Zubizarreta