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Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) effectively scales LLM reasoning but incurs prohibitive computational costs due to its extensive group-based sampling requirement. While recent selective data utilization methods can mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haodong Zhu , Yangyang Ren , Yanjing Li , Mingbao Lin , Linlin Yang , Xuhui Liu , Xiantong Zhen , Haiguang Liu , Baochang Zhang

The goal of robust constrained reinforcement learning (RL) is to optimize an agent's performance under the worst-case model uncertainty while satisfying safety or resource constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate that strong duality does…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shaocong Ma , Ziyi Chen , Yi Zhou , Heng Huang

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is among the most widely used algorithms in reinforcement learning, which achieves state-of-the-art performance in many challenging problems. The keys to its success are the reliable policy updates through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Mónika Farsang , Luca Szegletes

Reinforcement Learning (RL) for constrained MDPs (CMDPs) is an increasingly important problem for various applications. Often, the average criterion is more suitable than the discounted criterion. Yet, RL for average-CMDPs (ACMDPs) remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Haipeng Luo

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been successfully applied in several research domains such as robot navigation and automated video game playing. However, these methods require excessive computation and interaction with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Ayberk Aydın , Elif Surer

On-policy reinforcement learning (RL), particularly Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has become the dominant paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). While policy ratio clipping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yu Luo , Shuo Han , Yihan Hu , Dong Li , Jianye Hao

Residual policy learning (RPL), in which a learned policy refines a static base policy using deep reinforcement learning (DRL), has shown strong performance across various robotic applications. Its effectiveness is particularly evident in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Raphael Trumpp , Denis Hoornaert , Mirco Theile , Marco Caccamo

Novel advanced policy gradient (APG) methods, such as Trust Region policy optimization and Proximal policy optimization (PPO), have become the dominant reinforcement learning algorithms because of their ease of implementation and good…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-22 J. G. Dai , Mark Gluzman

Training generally capable agents that thoroughly explore their environment and learn new and diverse skills is a long-term goal of robot learning. Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learning (QD-RL) is an emerging research area that blends…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Sumeet Batra , Bryon Tjanaka , Matthew C. Fontaine , Aleksei Petrenko , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Gaurav Sukhatme

Provably efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) based on optimism or posterior sampling (PSRL) is ensured to attain the global optimality asymptotically by introducing the complexity measure of the model. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Shenao Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a paradigm of artificial intelligence where an agent uses a neural network to learn which actions to take in a given environment. DRL has recently gained traction from being able to solve complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rajdeep Singh Hundal , Yan Xiao , Xiaochun Cao , Jin Song Dong , Manuel Rigger

Aligning language models with human preferences is essential for ensuring their safety and reliability. Although most existing approaches assume specific human preference models such as the Bradley-Terry model, this assumption may fail to…

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is widely used in reinforcement learning due to its strong empirical performance, yet it lacks formal guarantees for policy improvement and convergence. PPO's clipped surrogate objective is motivated by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Razvan-Andrei Lascu , David Šiška , Łukasz Szpruch

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a popular method for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) due to its stability and simplicity. However, it is also known to be sensitive to noise in the data and prone to overfitting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Cheol Woo Kim , Shresth Verma , Mauricio Tec , Milind Tambe

The field development optimization (FDO) problem represents a challenging mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem in which we seek to obtain the number of wells, their type, location, and drilling sequence that maximizes an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-22 Yusuf Nasir

Proximal policy optimization and trust region policy optimization (PPO and TRPO) with actor and critic parametrized by neural networks achieve significant empirical success in deep reinforcement learning. However, due to nonconvexity, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Boyi Liu , Qi Cai , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

While originally developed for continuous control problems, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has emerged as the work-horse of a variety of reinforcement learning (RL) applications, including the fine-tuning of generative models.…

The policy gradient method enjoys the simplicity of the objective where the agent optimizes the cumulative reward directly. Moreover, in the continuous action domain, parameterized distribution of action distribution allows easy control of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

In the coming years, the satellite broadband market will experience significant increases in the service demand, especially for the mobility sector, where demand is burstier. Many of the next generation of satellites will be equipped with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-04 Juan Jose Garau Luis , Markus Guerster , Inigo del Portillo , Edward Crawley , Bruce Cameron

Recently, as the demand for cleaning robots has steadily increased, therefore household electricity consumption is also increasing. To solve this electricity consumption issue, the problem of efficient path planning for cleaning robot has…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Woohyeon Moon , Bumgeun Park , Sarvar Hussain Nengroo , Taeyoung Kim , Dongsoo Har