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Deep reinforcement learning (RL) uses model-free techniques to optimize task-specific control policies. Despite having emerged as a promising approach for complex problems, RL is still hard to use reliably for real-world applications. Apart…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Siddhant Gangapurwala , Alexander Mitchell , Ioannis Havoutis

Instability and slowness are two main problems in deep reinforcement learning. Even if proximal policy optimization (PPO) is the state of the art, it still suffers from these two problems. We introduce an improved algorithm based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Zhenyu Zhang , Xiangfeng Luo , Tong Liu , Shaorong Xie , Jianshu Wang , Wei Wang , Yang Li , Yan Peng

Legged locomotion in unstructured environments demands not only high-performance control policies but also formal guarantees to ensure robustness under perturbations. Control methods often require carefully designed reference trajectories,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vrushabh Zinage , Narek Harutyunyan , Eric Verheyden , Fred Y. Hadaegh , Soon-Jo Chung

Despite Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) dominating policy gradient methods -- from robotic control to game AI -- its static trust region forces a brittle trade-off: aggressive clipping stifles early exploration, while late-stage updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ben Rahman

Policy gradient methods usually rely on entropy regularization to prevent premature convergence. However, maximizing entropy indiscriminately pushes the policy towards a uniform distribution, often overriding the reward signal if not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Luca Serfilippi , Giorgio Franceschelli , Antonio Corradi , Mirco Musolesi

Trust region policy optimization (TRPO) is a popular and empirically successful policy search algorithm in Reinforcement Learning (RL) in which a surrogate problem, that restricts consecutive policies to be 'close' to one another, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Lior Shani , Yonathan Efroni , Shie Mannor

Very recently proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithms have been proposed as first-order optimization methods for effective reinforcement learning. While PPO is inspired by the same learning theory that justifies trust region policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Gang Chen , Yiming Peng , Mengjie Zhang

We propose a new family of policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning, which alternate between sampling data through interaction with the environment, and optimizing a "surrogate" objective function using stochastic gradient ascent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-29 John Schulman , Filip Wolski , Prafulla Dhariwal , Alec Radford , Oleg Klimov

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has gained increasing attention in control engineering. Especially, policy gradient methods are widely used. In this work, we improve the tracking performance of proximal policy optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Jana Mayer , Johannes Westermann , Juan Pedro Gutiérrez H. Muriedas , Uwe Mettin , Alexander Lampe

Contemporary autopilot systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are far more limited in their flight envelope as compared to experienced human pilots, thereby restricting the conditions UAVs can operate in and the types of missions they…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Eivind Bøhn , Erlend M. Coates , Signe Moe , Tor Arne Johansen

This study conducts a comparative analysis of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm, applied to a 1-Degree of Freedom (DOF) Quanser Aero 2 system. Classical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Georg Schäfer , Jakob Rehrl , Stefan Huber , Simon Hirlaender

This paper focuses on the active flow control of a computational fluid dynamics simulation over a range of Reynolds numbers using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). More precisely, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) method is used to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-06-24 Hongwei Tang , Jean Rabault , Alexander Kuhnle , Yan Wang , Tongguang Wang

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is widely regarded as one of the most successful deep reinforcement learning algorithms, known for its robustness and effectiveness across a range of problems. The PPO objective encourages the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Gilad Karpel , Ruida Zhou , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

By leveraging differentiable dynamics, Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) achieves high sample efficiency. However, current approaches are hindered by two critical limitations: the under-utilization of computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Hai Zhong , Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Dairy farms consume a significant amount of electricity for their operations, and this research focuses on enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing the impact on the environment in the sector by maximizing the utilization of renewable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Nawazish Ali , Rachael Shaw , Karl Mason

The policy represented by the deep neural network can overfit the spurious features in observations, which hamper a reinforcement learning agent from learning effective policy. This issue becomes severe in high-dimensional state, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire extensive world knowledge through pre-training on large corpora. However, due to exposure to low-quality data, LLMs may exhibit harmful behavior without aligning with human values. The dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Tianhao Wu , Banghua Zhu , Ruoyu Zhang , Zhaojin Wen , Kannan Ramchandran , Jiantao Jiao

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a popular deep policy gradient algorithm. In standard implementations, PPO regularizes policy updates with clipped probability ratios, and parameterizes policies with either continuous Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Chloe Ching-Yun Hsu , Celestine Mendler-Dünner , Moritz Hardt

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising tool to solve robust optimal well control problems where the model parameters are highly uncertain, and the system is partially observable in practice. However, RL of robust control policies often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Atish Dixit , Ahmed H. ElSheikh

This research gauges the ability of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques to assist the optimization and control of fluid mechanical systems. It combines a novel, "degenerate" version of the proximal policy optimization (PPO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-19 H. Ghraieb , J. Viquerat , A. Larcher , P. Meliga , E. Hachem