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Language technologies contribute to promoting multilingualism and linguistic diversity around the world. However, only a very small number of the over 7000 languages of the world are represented in the rapidly evolving language technologies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Pratik Joshi , Sebastin Santy , Amar Budhiraja , Kalika Bali , Monojit Choudhury

Even though large pre-trained multilingual models (e.g. mBERT, XLM-R) have led to significant performance gains on a wide range of cross-lingual NLP tasks, success on many downstream tasks still relies on the availability of sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 M Saiful Bari , Batool Haider , Saab Mansour

Princeton WordNet is one of the most important resources for natural language processing, but is only available for English. While it has been translated using the expand approach to many other languages, this is an expensive manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Mihael Arcan , John McCrae , Paul Buitelaar

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) possess impressive multilingual understanding and generation capabilities. However, their performance and cross-lingual alignment often lag for non-dominant languages. A common solution is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mengyu Bu , Shaolei Zhang , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Yang Feng

Pretrained multilingual models exhibit the same social bias as models processing English texts. This systematic review analyzes emerging research that extends bias evaluation and mitigation approaches into multilingual and non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Lance Calvin Lim Gamboa , Yue Feng , Mark Lee

The NLP research community has devoted increased attention to languages beyond English, resulting in considerable improvements for multilingual NLP. However, these improvements only apply to a small subset of the world's languages. Aiming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Esther Ploeger , Wessel Poelman , Miryam de Lhoneux , Johannes Bjerva

Nowadays, pretrained language models (PLMs) have dominated the majority of NLP tasks. While, little research has been conducted on systematically evaluating the language abilities of PLMs. In this paper, we present a large-scale empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Zheng Gong , Lixin Yang , Zhuohao Yu , Zhipeng Chen , Jingyuan Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in many languages beyond English. Yet, LLMs require more inference steps when generating non-English text due to their reliance on English-centric tokenizers and vocabulary,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Aline Villavicencio , Nikolaos Aletras

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) often demonstrate a performance gap between English and non-English languages, particularly in low-resource settings. Aligning these models to low-resource languages is essential yet challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Rakesh Paul , Anusha Kamath , Kanishk Singla , Raviraj Joshi , Utkarsh Vaidya , Sanjay Singh Chauhan , Niranjan Wartikar

Large language models (LLMs) are at the forefront of transforming numerous domains globally. However, their inclusivity and effectiveness remain limited for non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper tackles the imperative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Tanuja Ganu , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Akshay Nambi

With the increasing of model capacity brought by pre-trained language models, there emerges boosting needs for more knowledgeable natural language processing (NLP) models with advanced functionalities including providing and making flexible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Da Yin , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Kai-Wei Chang , Furu Wei , Jianfeng Gao

Unsupervised translation has reached impressive performance on resource-rich language pairs such as English-French and English-German. However, early studies have shown that in more realistic settings involving low-resource, rare languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Xavier Garcia , Aditya Siddhant , Orhan Firat , Ankur P. Parikh

As instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) gain global adoption, their ability to follow instructions in multiple languages becomes increasingly crucial. In this work, we investigate how multilinguality during instruction tuning of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Uri Shaham , Jonathan Herzig , Roee Aharoni , Idan Szpektor , Reut Tsarfaty , Matan Eyal

Multilingual semantic parsing is a cost-effective method that allows a single model to understand different languages. However, researchers face a great imbalance of availability of training data, with English being resource rich, and other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Menglin Xia , Emilio Monti

In this work, we provide a systematic and comprehensive empirical comparison of pretrained multilingual language models versus their monolingual counterparts with regard to their monolingual task performance. We study a set of nine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Phillip Rust , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić , Sebastian Ruder , Iryna Gurevych

Throughout language history, words are borrowed from one language to another and gradually become integrated into the recipient's lexicon. Speakers can often differentiate these loanwords from native vocabulary, particularly in bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mérilin Sousa Silva , Sina Ahmadi

In our era of widespread false information, human fact-checkers often face the challenge of duplicating efforts when verifying claims that may have already been addressed in other countries or languages. As false information transcends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Tatiana Anikina , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

Modern NLP applications have enjoyed a great boost utilizing neural networks models. Such deep neural models, however, are not applicable to most human languages due to the lack of annotated training data for various NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Xilun Chen , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Hany Hassan , Wei Wang , Claire Cardie

Vision Language Models (VLMs) achieved rapid progress in the recent years. However, despite their growth, VLMs development is heavily grounded on English, leading to two main limitations: (i) the lack of multilingual and multimodal datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Daniela Baiamonte , Elena Fano , Matteo Gabburo , Stefano Simonazzi , Leonardo Rigutini , Andrea Zugarini

In historical linguistics, the affiliation of languages to a common language family is traditionally carried out using a complex workflow that relies on manually comparing individual languages. Large-scale standardized collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Frederic Blum , Steffen Herbold , Johann-Mattis List