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Related papers: Inducing Neural Collapse in Imbalanced Learning: D…

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Neural collapse describes the geometry of activation in the final layer of a deep neural network when it is trained beyond performance plateaus. Open questions include whether neural collapse leads to better generalization and, if so, why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Siwei Wang , Stephanie E Palmer

The empirical emergence of neural collapse -- a surprising symmetry in the feature representations of the training data in the penultimate layer of deep neural networks -- has spurred a line of theoretical research aimed at its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peter Súkeník , Christoph H. Lampert , Marco Mondelli

The recently discovered Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon occurs pervasively in today's deep net training paradigm of driving cross-entropy (CE) loss towards zero. During NC, last-layer features collapse to their class-means, both classifiers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 X. Y. Han , Vardan Papyan , David L. Donoho

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved impressive results on imbalanced image data, but they still have difficulty generalizing to minority classes and their decisions are difficult to interpret. These problems are related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Damien Dablain , Kristen N. Jacobson , Colin Bellinger , Mark Roberts , Nitesh Chawla

In this paper, we introduce the \textit{Layer-Peeled Model}, a nonconvex yet analytically tractable optimization program, in a quest to better understand deep neural networks that are trained for a sufficiently long time. As the name…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Cong Fang , Hangfeng He , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

Neural collapse (NC) refers to the surprising structure of the last layer of deep neural networks in the terminal phase of gradient descent training. Recently, an increasing amount of experimental evidence has pointed to the propagation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Peter Súkeník , Marco Mondelli , Christoph Lampert

Mixup is a data augmentation strategy that employs convex combinations of training instances and their respective labels to augment the robustness and calibration of deep neural networks. Despite its widespread adoption, the nuanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Quinn Fisher , Haoming Meng , Vardan Papyan

Intermediate features at different layers of a deep neural network are known to be discriminative for visual patterns of different complexities. However, most existing works ignore such cross-layer heterogeneities when classifying samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Xiaojie Jin , Yunpeng Chen , Jian Dong , Jiashi Feng , Shuicheng Yan

Neural Collapse (NC) presents an elegant geometric structure that enables individual activations (features), class means and classifier (weights) vectors to reach \textit{optimal} inter-class separability during the terminal phase of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Enhao Zhang , Chaohua Li , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

Deep neural networks usually benefit from unsupervised pre-training, e.g. auto-encoders. However, the classifier further needs supervised fine-tuning methods for good discrimination. Besides, due to the limits of full-connection, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Hailin Shi , Xiangyu Zhu , Zhen Lei , Shengcai Liao , Stan Z. Li

Neural collapse (NC) is a simple and symmetric phenomenon for deep neural networks (DNNs) at the terminal phase of training, where the last-layer features collapse to their class means and form a simplex equiangular tight frame aligning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Sicong Wang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

In class-incremental learning, a learning agent faces a stream of data with the goal of learning new classes while not forgetting previous ones. Neural networks are known to suffer under this setting, as they forget previously acquired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Federico Pernici , Matteo Bruni , Claudio Baecchi , Francesco Turchini , Alberto Del Bimbo

The recent work of Papyan, Han, & Donoho (2020) presented an intriguing "Neural Collapse" phenomenon, showing a structural property of interpolating classifiers in the late stage of training. This opened a rich area of exploration studying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Like Hui , Mikhail Belkin , Preetum Nakkiran

A phenomenon known as ''Neural Collapse (NC)'' in deep classification tasks, in which the penultimate-layer features and the final classifiers exhibit an extremely simple geometric structure, has recently attracted considerable attention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Chuang Ma , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Toshiyuki Tanaka

To address the challenges of long-tailed classification, researchers have proposed several approaches to reduce model bias, most of which assume that classes with few samples are weak classes. However, recent studies have shown that tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Maoji Wen , Lingling Li , Wenping Ma , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu , Puhua Chen

Recently it has been observed that neural networks exhibit Neural Collapse (NC) during the final stage of training for the classification problem. We empirically show that multivariate regression, as employed in imitation learning and other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 George Andriopoulos , Zixuan Dong , Li Guo , Zifan Zhao , Keith Ross

The intrinsic capability to continuously learn a changing data stream is a desideratum of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, current DNNs suffer from catastrophic forgetting, which interferes with remembering past knowledge. To mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghia D. Nguyen , Hieu Trung Nguyen , Ang Li , Hoang Pham , Viet Anh Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Recent success in training deep neural networks have prompted active investigation into the features learned on their intermediate layers. Such research is difficult because it requires making sense of non-linear computations performed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Yixuan Li , Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Hod Lipson , John Hopcroft

Modern neural network architectures for large-scale learning tasks have substantially higher model complexities, which makes understanding, visualizing and training these architectures difficult. Recent contributions to deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jayadeva , Himanshu Pant , Mayank Sharma , Abhimanyu Dubey , Sumit Soman , Suraj Tripathi , Sai Guruju , Nihal Goalla

Deep neural networks have been shown to be very powerful methods for many supervised learning tasks. However, they can also easily overfit to training set biases, i.e., label noise and class imbalance. While both learning with noisy labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Tong Wei , Jiang-Xin Shi , Yu-Feng Li , Min-Ling Zhang