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These reports present the results of the 2013 Community Summer Study of the APS Division of Particles and Fields ("Snowmass 2013") on the future program of particle physics in the U.S. Chapter 4, on the Cosmic Frontier, discusses the…

Cosmic surveys provide crucial information about high energy physics including strong evidence for dark energy, dark matter, and inflation. Ongoing and upcoming surveys will start to identify the underlying physics of these new phenomena,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Scott Dodelson , Katrin Heitmann , Chris Hirata , Klaus Honscheid , Aaron Roodman , Uroš Seljak , Anže Slosar , Mark Trodden

As the next generation of large accelerator-based facilities are being considered at the Snowmass 2021 study high priority has to be given to environmental sustainability including energy consumption, natural resource use and the…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2022-04-01 Thomas Roser

We summarize recent progress in the development, application, and understanding of effective field theories and highlight promising directions for future research. This Report is prepared as the TF02 "Effective Field Theory" topical group…

The research content hosted by arXiv is not fully accessible to everyone due to disabilities and other barriers. This matters because a significant proportion of people have reading and visual disabilities, it is important to our community…

Virtual collaboration has transformed how people in mixed-ability teams, composed of disabled and non-disabled people, work together by offering greater flexibility. In these settings, accessibility practices, such as accommodations and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Crescentia Jung , Kexin Cheng , Sharon Heung , Malte F. Jung , Shiri Azenkot

We review ongoing efforts and discuss possible future directions in informing the public and educating students about Particle Physics.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Michael Barnett

The Contribution for the Computing for the Energy Frontier as part of the Snowmass study is discussed.

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-01-10 Ian Fisk , Jim Shank

Augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) hold significant potential to transform how we communicate, collaborate, and interact with others. However, there has been a lack of work to date investigating accessibility barriers in relation to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Chris Creed , Maadh Al-Kalbani , Arthur Theil , Sayan Sarcar , Ian Williams

Computer-based tests (CBTs) play an important role in the professional career of any person. Universities use CBTs for admissions. Further, many large courses use CBTs for evaluation and grading. Almost all software companies use CBTs to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Pawan Kr Patel , Amey Karkare

We argue that there is a need for Accessibility to be represented in several important domains: - Capitalize on the new capabilities AI provides - Support for open source development of AI, which can allow disabled and disability focused…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jennifer Mankoff , Janice Light , James Coughlan , Christian Vogler , Abraham Glasser , Gregg Vanderheiden , Laura Rice

Accessibility of websites for visually impaired persons is mishandled by screen readers which are not always adapted to interactivity needed by actual web/multimedia technologies. This paper analyses the difficulties to access to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Katerine Romeo , Edwige Pissaloux , Frédéric Serin

The absence of women among academic staff in physics is in the focus of our research. To explore the causes of this gender imbalance, we conducted a nationwide representative survey among Ph.D. students and interviews with Ph.D. students…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-07-21 Meytal Eran-Jona , Yosef Nir

Software and Computing (S&C) are essential to all High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments and many theoretical studies. The size and complexity of S&C are now commensurate with that of experimental instruments, playing a critical role in…

According to the World Health Organization, more than one billion people worldwide have disabilities. The field of disability studies defines disability through a social lens; people are disabled to the extent that society creates…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Meredith Ringel Morris

The search for particle-like dark matter with meV-to-GeV masses has developed rapidly in the past few years. We summarize the science case for these searches, the recent progress, and the exciting upcoming opportunities. Funding for…

Accessibility education has been rarely incorporated into the high school curricula. This is a missed opportunity to equip next-generation software designers and decision-makers with knowledge, awareness, and empathy regarding accessibility…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou , Chunyu Liu , Jingwen Shan , Devorah Kletenik , Rachel F. Adler

More scientists are now using AI, but prior studies have examined only how they use it 'at the desk' for computer-based work. However, given that scientific work often happens 'beyond the desk' at lab and field sites, we conducted the first…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Irene Hou , Alexander Qin , Lauren Cheng , Philip J. Guo

This is the Snowmass2021 Energy Frontier (EF) Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) report. It combines the EF topical group reports of EF08 (Model-specific explorations), EF09 (More general explorations), and EF10 (Dark Matter at Colliders). The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-19 Tulika Bose , Antonio Boveia , Caterina Doglioni , Simone Pagan Griso , James Hirschauer , Elliot Lipeles , Zhen Liu , Nausheen R. Shah , Lian-Tao Wang , Kaustubh Agashe , Juliette Alimena , Sebastian Baum , Mohamed Berkat , Kevin Black , Gwen Gardner , Tony Gherghetta , Josh Greaves , Maxx Haehn , Phil C. Harris , Robert Harris , Julie Hogan , Suneth Jayawardana , Abraham Kahn , Jan Kalinowski , Simon Knapen , Ian M. Lewis , Meenakshi Narain , Katherine Pachal , Matthew Reece , Laura Reina , Tania Robens , Alessandro Tricoli , Carlos E. M. Wagner , Riley Xu , Felix Yu , Filip Zarnecki , Amin Aboubrahim , Andreas Albert , Michael Albrow , Wolfgang Altmannshofer , Gerard Andonian , Artur Apresyan , Kétévi Adikle Assamagan , Patrizia Azzi , Howard Baer , Michael J. Baker , Avik Banerjee , Vernon Barger , Brian Batell , Martin Bauer , Hugues Beauchesne , Samuel Bein , Alexander Belyaev , Ankit Beniwal , Mikael Berggren , Prudhvi N. Bhattiprolu , Nikita Blinov , Alain Blondel , Oleg Brandt , Giacomo Cacciapaglia , Rodolfo Capdevilla , Marcela Carena , Cesare Cazzaniga , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Cari Cesarotti , Sergei V. Chekanov , Hsin-Chia Cheng , Thomas Y. Chen , Yuze Chen , R. Sekhar Chivukula , Matthew Citron , James Cline , Tim Cohen , Jack H. Collins , Eric Corrigan , Nathaniel Craig , Daniel Craik , Andreas Crivellin , David Curtin , Smita Darmora , Arindam Das , Sridhara Dasu , Annapaola de Cosa , Aldo Deandrea , Antonio Delgado , Zeynep Demiragli , David d'Enterria , Frank F. Deppisch , Radovan Dermisek , Nishita Desai , Abhay Deshpande , Jordy de Vries , Jennet Dickinson , Keith R. Dienes , Karri Folan Di Petrillo , Matthew J. Dolan , Peter Dong , Patrick Draper , Marco Drewes , Etienne Dreyer , Peizhi Du , Florian Eble , Majid Ekhterachian , Motoi Endo , Rouven Essig , Jesse N. Farr , Farida Fassi , Jonathan L. Feng , Gabriele Ferretti , Daniele Filipetto , Thomas Flacke , Karri Folan Di Petrillo , Roberto Franceschini , Diogo Buarque Franzosi , Keisuke Fujii , Benjamin Fuks , Sri Aditya Gadam , Boyu Gao , Aran Garcia-Bellido , Isabel Garcia Garcia , Maria Vittoria Garzelli , Stephen Gedney , Marie-Hélène Genest , Tathagata Ghosh , Mark Golkowski , Giovanni Grilli di Cortona , Emine Gurpinar Guler , Yalcin Guler , C. Guo , Nate Graf , Ulrich Haisch , Jan Hajer , Koichi Hamaguchi , Tao Han , Philip Harris , Sven Heinemeyer , Christopher S. Hill , Joshua Hiltbrand , Tova Ray Holmes , Samuel Homiller , Sungwoo Hong , Walter Hopkins , Shih-Chieh Hsu , Phil Ilten , Wasikul Islam , Sho Iwamoto , Daniel Jeans , Laura Jeanty , Haoyi Jia , Sergo Jindariani , Daniel Johnson , Felix Kahlhoefer , Yonatan Kahn , Paul Karchin , Thomas Katsouleas , Shin-ichi Kawada , Junichiro Kawamura , Chris Kelso , Elham E Khoda , Valery Khoze , Doojin Kim , Teppei Kitahara , Juraj Klaric , Michael Klasen , Kyoungchul Kong , Wojciech Kotlarski , Ashutosh V. Kotwal , Jonathan Kozaczuk , Richard Kriske , Suchita Kulkarni , Jason Kumar , Manuel Kunkel , Greg Landsberg , Kenneth Lane , Clemens Lange , Lawrence Lee , Jiajun Liao , Benjamin Lillard , Lingfeng Li , Shuailong Li , Shu Li , Jenny List , Tong Li , Hongkai Liu , Jia Liu , Jonathan D Long , Enrico Lunghi , Kun-Feng Lyu , Danny Marfatia , Dakotah Martinez , Stephen P. Martin , Navin McGinnis , Karrick McGinty , Krzysztof Mękała , Federico Meloni , Oleksii Mikulenko , Ming Huang , Rashmish K. Mishra , Manimala Mitra , Vasiliki A. Mitsou , Chang-Seong Moon , Alexander Moreno , Takeo Moroi , Gerard Mourou , Malte Mrowietz , Patric Muggli , Jurina Nakajima , Pran Nath , J. Nelson , Matthias Neubert , Laura Nosler , Maria Teresa Núñez Pardo de Vera , Nobuchika Okada , Satomi Okada , Vitalii A. Okorokov , Yasar Onel , Tong Ou , Maksym Ovchynnikov , Rojalin Padhan , Priscilla Pani , Luca Panizzi , Andreas Papaefstathiou , Kevin Pedro , Cristián Peña , Federica Piazza , James Pinfold , Deborah Pinna , Werner Porod , Chris Potter , Markus Tobias Prim , Stefano Profumo , James Proudfoot , Mudit Rai , Filip Rajec , Reese Ramos , Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf , Javier Resta-Lopez , Jürgen Reuter , Andreas Ringwald , Chiara Rizzi , Thomas G. Rizzo , Giancarlo Rossi , Richard Ruiz , L. Rygaard , Aakash A. Sahai , Shadman Salam , Pearl Sandick , Deepak Sathyan , Christiane Scherb , Pedro Schwaller , Leonard Schwarze , Pat Scott , Sezen Sekmen , Dibyashree Sengupta , S. Sen , Anna Sfyrla , Eric Shackelford , T. Sharma , Varun Sharma , Jessie Shelton , William Shepherd , Seodong Shin , Elizabeth H. Simmons , Zoie Sloneker , Carlos Vázquez Sierra , Torbjörn Sjöstrand , Scott Snyder , Huayang Song , Giordon Stark , Patrick Stengel , Joachim Stohr , Daniel Stolarski , Matt Strassler , Nadja Strobbe , Julia Gonski , Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez , Taikan Suehara , Shufang Su , Wei Su , Raza M. Syed , Tim M. P. Tait , Toshiki Tajima , Andy Tang , Xerxes Tata , Teodor Tchalokov , Andrea Thamm , Brooks Thomas , Natalia Toro , Nhan V. Tran , Loan Truong , Yu-Dai Tsai , Eva Tuecke , Nikhilesh Venkatasubramanian , Chris B. Verhaaren , Carl Vuosalo , Xiao-Ping Wang , Xing Wang , Yikun Wang , Zhen Wang , Christian Weber , Glen White , Martin White , Anthony G. Williams , Brady Williams , Mike Williams , Stephane Willocq , Alex Woodcock , Yongcheng Wu , Ke-Pan Xie , Keping Xie , Si Xie , C. -H. Yeh , Ryo Yonamine , David Yu , S. -S. Yu , Mohamed Zaazoua , Aleksander Filip Żarnecki , Kamil Zembaczynski , Danyi Zhang , Jinlong Zhang , Frank Zimmermann , Jose Zurita

Introductory mechanics ("physics 1") is a critical gateway course for students desiring to pursue a STEM career. A major challenge with this course is that there is a large spread in the students' incoming physics preparation, and this…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-11-25 Eric Burkholder , Shima Salehi , Sarah Sackeyfio , Nicel Mohamed-Hinds , Carl Wieman