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Semiconductor fabrication is a mainstay of modern civilization, enabling the myriad applications and technologies that underpin everyday life. However, while sub-10 nanometer devices are already entering the mainstream, the end of the…
Electron-optical imaging instruments like Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) use specially designed solenoid electromagnets for focusing of electron beam probe. Indicators of imaging performance of…
Controlled fabrication of nanopores in atomically thin two-dimensional material offers the means to create robust membranes needed for ion transport, nanofiltration, and DNA sensing. Techniques for creating nanopores have relied upon either…
The acronym IBIC (Ion Beam Induced Charge) was coined in early 1990's to indicate a scanning microscopy technique which uses MeV ion beams as probes to image the basic electronic properties of semiconductor materials and devices. Since…
The magnetic focusing of electrons has proven its utility in fundamental studies of electron transport. Here we report the direct imaging of magnetic focusing of electron waves, specifically in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We see…
Measuring spin currents and spin accumulations is challenging. This is mainly because of their small size and the lack of a standard spin detector comparable to conventional ampere meters or voltage detectors. It is all the more pleasing to…
Electron diffraction through a thin patterned silicon membrane can be used to create complex spatial modulations in electron distributions by varying the intensity of different reflections using parameters such as crystallographic…
The partial reflection of an electromagnetic (EM) wave from a medium leads to absorption of momentum in the direction perpendicular to the surface (the standard radiation pressure) {and, for oblique incidence on a partially reflecting…
Nanogranular material systems are promising for a variety of applications in research and development. Their physical properties are often determined by grain sizes, shapes, mutual distances and by the chemistry of the embedding matrix With…
Interferometry with trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) requires the development of techniques to recombine the two paths of the interferometer and map the accumulated phase difference to a measurable atom number difference. We…
Charging up the surface of an insulator after beam impact can lead either to reverse sign of field between the surface and collector of electrons for case of thick sample or appearance of very high internal field for thin films. Both…
Electron beam probe (EBP) is a new principle detector, which makes use of a low-intensity and low-energy electron beam to measure the transverse profile, bunch shape, beam neutralization and beam wake field of an intense beam with small…
Twisted 2D material heterostructures provide an exciting platform for investigating new fundamental physical phenomena. Many of the most interesting behaviours emerge at small twist angles, where the materials reconstruct to form areas of…
The ability to control electronic properties of a material by externally applied voltage is at the heart of modern electronics. In many cases, it is the so-called electric field effect that allows one to vary the carrier concentration in a…
Beam shaping - the ability to engineer the phase and the amplitude of massive and massless particles - has long interested scientists working on communication, imaging and the foundations of quantum mechanics. In light optics, the shaping…
The velocity Slice Imaging technique has revolutionised electron molecule interaction studies. Multiple electrostatic lens assemblies are often used in spectrometers for resolving low kinetic energy fragments. However, in a crossed-beam…
The 2020 Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics endorsed space-based high contrast imaging for the detection and characterization of habitable exoplanets as a key priority for the upcoming decade. To advance the maturity of starlight…
Generating and controlling spin current (SC) are of central interest in spin physics and applications. To date, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is an established pathway to generate SC through the spin-charge current conversion. We predict…
The generation, manipulation and detection of spin-polarized electrons in nanostructures define the main challenges of spin-based electronics[1]. Amongst the different approaches for spin generation and manipulation, spin-orbit coupling,…
In conventional particle beam microscopy, knowledge of the beam current is essential for accurate micrograph formation and sample milling. This generally necessitates offline calibration of the instrument. In this work, we establish that…