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The generation, control, and detection of spin currents in solid-state devices are critical for Joule-heating minimization, spin-based computation, and electrical energy generation from thermal gradients. Although incorporation of spin…

We demonstrate a multi-beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging that integrates down-sampling with super-resolution image reconstruction via a compressive sensing framework. A custom condenser aperture with six randomly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-19 Akira Yasuhara , Takumi Sannomiya , Ryoichi Horisaki

Momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (MRSTEM) is a powerful phase-contrast technique that can map lateral magnetic and electric fields ranging from the micrometer to the subatomic scale. Resolving fields ranging from…

The robust approach for real-time analysis of the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data streams, based on the ensemble learning and iterative training (ELIT) of deep convolutional neural networks, is implemented on an…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-07-27 Kevin M. Roccapriore , Matthew G. Boebinger , Ondrej Dyck , Ayana Ghosh , Raymond R. Unocic , Sergei V. Kalinin , Maxim Ziatdinov

One of the primary uses for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is to measure diffraction pattern images in order to determine a crystal structure and orientation. In nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) we scan a moderately converged…

Total electron yield (TEY) imaging is an established scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) technique that gives varying contrast based on a sample's geometry, elemental composition, and electrical conductivity. However, the TEY-STXM…

Although the absorption of light in a bulk homogeneous semiconductor produces photocarriers with non-zero momentum, it generally does not produce a current in the absence of an applied electric field because equal amounts of carriers with…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-10 Yiming Gong , Kai Wang , Steven T. Cundiff

We explore the possibility to perform an in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thermoelectric characterization of materials. A differential heating element on a custom in-situ TEM microchip allows to generate a temperature gradient…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-14 Simon Hettler , Mohammad Furqan , Andres Sotelo , Raul Arenal

We present measurements of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) by a technique that combines alternating currents (AC) and direct currents (DC). The method is applied to a ferrimagnetic insulator/heavy metal bilayer, Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$(YIG)/Pt.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Yizhang Chen , Debangsu Roy , Egecan Cogulu , Houchen Chang , Mingzhong Wu , Andrew D. Kent

The appearance of direct electron detectors marked a new era for electron diffraction. Their high sensitivity and low noise opens the possibility to extend electron diffraction from transmission electron microscopes (TEM) to lower energies…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Nikita Denisov , Andrey Orekhov , Johan Verbeeck

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a century-old technique, is today a ubiquitous method of imaging the surface of nanostructures. However, most SEM detectors simply count the number of secondary electrons from a material of interest, and…

The concept of compressive sensing was recently proposed to significantly reduce the electron dose in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) while still maintaining the main features in the image. Here, an experimental setup based…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-03-23 Armand Béché , Bart Goris , Bert Freitag , Jo Verbeeck

Observing the individual building blocks of matter is one of the primary goals of microscopy. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope [1] revolutionized experimental surface science in that atomic-scale features on a solid-state…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-08-04 Jannik C. Meyer , C. O. Girit , M. F. Crommie , A. Zettl

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) offers high-resolution images that are used to quantify the nanoscale atomic structure and composition of materials and biological specimens. In many cases, however, the resolution is limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-23 Daniel Nicholls , Alex Robinson , Jack Wells , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Mounib Bahri , Angus Kirkland , Nigel Browning

Photocurrent measurements provide a powerful means of studying the spatially resolved optoelectronic and electrical properties of a material or device. Generally speaking there are two classes of mechanism for photocurrent generation: those…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Helin Cao , Grant Aivazian , Zaiyao Fei , Jason Ross , David H. Cobden , Xiaodong Xu

Electronic devices are extremely sensitive to defects in their constituent semiconductors, but locating electronic point defects in bulk semiconductors has previously been impossible. Here we apply scanning transmission electron microscopy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 Brian Zutter , Hyunseok Kim , William Hubbard , Dingkun Ren , Matthew Mecklenburg , Diana Huffaker , B. C. Regan

We demonstrate that the sub-atomically focused beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can be used to controllably manipulate individual dopant atoms in a 2D graphene lattice. We demonstrate the manipulation of adsorbed…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-08-06 Ondrej Dyck , Songkil Kim , Sergei V. Kalinin , Stephen Jesse

Deep-UV ~ 250 nm (4.96 eV) tilted in-situ co-illumination of the sample under imaging by scanning electron microscope (SEM) is developed at a robust and practical instrument level. Precise mechanical control of the lateral position and tilt…

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is carried out in vacuum to minimize the interaction of the imaging electrons with gas molecules while passing through the microscope column. Nevertheless, in typical devices, the pressure remains at…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-01-25 Gregor T. Leuthner , Stefan Hummel , Clemens Mangler , Timothy J. Pennycook , Toma Susi , Jannik C. Meyer , Jani Kotakoski

We explore the possibility for the reconstruction of the generative physical models describing interactions between atomic units in solids from observational electron microscopy data. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-02 M. Chakraborty , M. Ziatdinov , O. Dyck , S. Jesse , A. D. White , S. V. Kalinin