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Instructing language models with user intent requires large instruction datasets, which are only available for a limited set of languages. In this paper, we explore alternatives to conventional instruction adaptation pipelines in…

With a large amount of parallel data, neural machine translation systems are able to deliver human-level performance for sentence-level translation. However, it is costly to label a large amount of parallel data by humans. In contrast,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Guokun Lai , Zihang Dai , Yiming Yang

Recent machine translation algorithms mainly rely on parallel corpora. However, since the availability of parallel corpora remains limited, only some resource-rich language pairs can benefit from them. We constructed a parallel corpus for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Makoto Morishita , Jun Suzuki , Masaaki Nagata

Multilingual large language models achieve impressive cross-lingual performance despite largely monolingual pretraining. While bilingual data in pretraining corpora is widely believed to enable these abilities, details of its contributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jiandong Shao , Raphael Tang , Crystina Zhang , Karin Sevegnani , Pontus Stenetorp , Jianfei Yang , Yao Lu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale, data curation has shifted from maximizing volume to optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio by performing quality filtering. However, for many languages, native high quality data is insufficient to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yassine Turki , Vinko Sabolčec , Bettina Messmer , Martin Jaggi

Data availability and quality are major challenges in natural language processing for low-resourced languages. In particular, there is significantly less data available than for higher-resourced languages. This data is also often of low…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Manuel Fokam , Michael Beukman

Curriculum learning (CL) aims to improve training by presenting data from "easy" to "hard", yet defining and measuring linguistic difficulty remains an open challenge. We investigate whether human-curated simple language can serve as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Vanessa Toborek , Sebastian Müller , Tim Selbach , Tamás Horváth , Christian Bauckhage

Fine-tuning large pre-trained models for downstream tasks has become a fundamental approach in natural language processing. Fully fine-tuning all model parameters is computationally expensive and memory-intensive, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yu Chen , Yifei Han , Long Zhang , Yue Du , Bin Li

Pre-training large language models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. Such models are pre-trained on generic data (e.g. BookCorpus and English Wikipedia) and often fine-tuned on tasks in the same domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Kristjan Arumae , Qing Sun , Parminder Bhatia

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

English, as a very high-resource language, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same cannot be said for most other languages, as leading LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

In this paper, we propose to boost low-resource cross-lingual document retrieval performance with deep bilingual query-document representations. We match queries and documents in both source and target languages with four components, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Rui Zhang , Caitlin Westerfield , Sungrok Shim , Garrett Bingham , Alexander Fabbri , Neha Verma , William Hu , Dragomir Radev

The widespread availability of Question Answering (QA) datasets in English has greatly facilitated the advancement of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. However, the scarcity of such resources for minority languages, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Aitor García-Pablos , Naiara Perez , Montse Cuadros , Jaione Bengoetxea

ASR systems are generally built for the spoken 'standard', and their performance declines for non-standard dialects/varieties. This is a problem for a language like Irish, where there is no single spoken standard, but rather three major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Liam Lonergan , Mengjie Qian , Neasa Ní Chiaráin , Christer Gobl , Ailbhe Ní Chasaide

In this work, we show that the difference in performance of embeddings from differently sourced data for a given language can be due to other factors besides data size. Natural language processing (NLP) tasks usually perform better with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Tosin P. Adewumi , Foteini Liwicki , Marcus Liwicki

Natural language understanding (NLU) is the task of semantic decoding of human languages by machines. NLU models rely heavily on large training data to ensure good performance. However, substantial languages and domains have very few data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Zihan Liu

To improve low-resource Neural Machine Translation (NMT) with multilingual corpora, training on the most related high-resource language only is often more effective than using all data available (Neubig and Hu, 2018). However, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Xinyi Wang , Graham Neubig

Research in the field of language models is rapidly evolving, with many open models being released to the public. Openly available pretraining corpora usually focus on only a handful of languages, with many others either missing completely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Vlad-Andrei Bădoiu , Mihai-Valentin Dumitru , Alexandru M. Gherghescu , Alexandru Agache , Costin Raiciu

Language identification (LID) is a critical step in curating multilingual LLM pretraining corpora from web crawls. While many studies on LID model training focus on collecting diverse training data to improve performance, low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Negar Foroutan , Jakhongir Saydaliev , Ye Eun Kim , Antoine Bosselut

This work investigates the in-context learning abilities of pretrained large language models (LLMs) when instructed to translate text from a low-resource language into a high-resource language as part of an automated machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sara Court , Micha Elsner