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The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem with broad applications in logistics and transportation. Real-world CVRPs often involve diverse objectives and complex constraints, such as time windows or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wen Wang , Xiangchen Wu , Liang Wang , Hao Hu , Xianping Tao

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been adopted in urban areas to reduce environmental pollution and global warming as a result of the increasing number of freight vehicles. However, there are still deficiencies in routing the trajectories of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Erick Rodríguez-Esparza , Antonio D Masegosa , Diego Oliva , Enrique Onieva

We present an end-to-end framework for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) using reinforcement learning. In this approach, we train a single model that finds near-optimal solutions for problem instances sampled from a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Mohammadreza Nazari , Afshin Oroojlooy , Lawrence V. Snyder , Martin Takáč

We consider a vehicle routing problem which seeks to minimize cost subject to service level constraints on several groups of deliveries. This problem captures some essential challenges faced by a logistics provider which operates…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-13 Teobaldo Bulhões , Minh Hoàng Hà , Rafael Martinelli , Thibaut Vidal

We investigate a structural decomposition for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) based on vehicle-to-customer "assignment" and visits "sequencing" decision variables. We show that an heuristic search focused on assignment…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-19 Túlio A. M. Toffolo , Thibaut Vidal , Tony Wauters

In this paper, we present improved approximation algorithms for the (unsplittable) Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) in general metrics. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a set of points (clients) $V$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi , Mirmahdi Rahgoshay , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

Electric Location-Routing models (ELRP) can contribute to the effective planning of electric vehicles (EVs) fleets and charging infrastructure within EV logistic networks because it simultaneously combines routing and location decisions to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Luiz Eduardo Cotta Monteiro , Rafael Martinelli

In response to carbon-neutral policies in developed countries, electric vehicles route optimization has gained importance for logistics companies. With the increasing focus on customer expectations and the shift towards more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Arash Mozhdehi , Mahdi Mohammadizadeh , Xin Wang

There has never been a more exciting time for the future of quantum computing than now. Near-term quantum computing usage is now the next XPRIZE. With that challenge in mind we have explored a new approach as a hybrid quantum-classical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-23 James Holliday , Braeden Morgan , Hugh Churchill , Khoa Luu

Capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is being one of the most common optimization problems in our days, considering the wide usage of routing algorithms in multiple fields such as transportation domain, food delivery, network routing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Hassan Moussa

The electrification of off-road heavy equipment presents operational challenges for agencies serving remote sites with limited fixed charging infrastructure. Existing mobile fast charging vehicle (MFCV) planning approaches typically treat…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Farhang Motallebi Araghi , Armin Abdolmohammadi , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

With growing environmental concerns, electric vehicles for logistics have gained significant attention within the computational intelligence community in recent years. This work addresses an emerging and significant extension of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zubin Zheng , Shengcai Liu , Yew-Soon Ong

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) in real-world applications often come with various constraints, therefore bring additional computational challenges to exact solution methods or heuristic search approaches. The recent idea to learn heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Qiaoyue Tang , Yangzhe Kong , Lemeng Pan , Choonmeng Lee

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Station-based or Route-based Charging Options addresses fleet optimization incorporating both conventional charging stations and continuous wireless charging infrastructure. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Tran Trung Duc , Vu Duc Minh , Nguyen Ngoc Doanh , Pham Gia Nguyen , Laurent El Ghaoui , Ha Minh Hoang

The Clustered Vehicle Routing Problem (CluVRP) is a variant of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem in which customers are grouped into clusters. Each cluster has to be visited once, and a vehicle entering a cluster cannot leave it until…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Thibaut Vidal , Maria Battarra , Anand Subramanian , Güneş Erdoǧan

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimisation problems for which numerous models and algorithms have been proposed. To tackle the complexities, uncertainties and dynamics involved in…

Multi-echelon parcel delivery systems using electric vehicles (EVs) are crucial for managing urban logistics complexity and promoting sustainability. In multi-echelon systems, particularly within two-stage systems, larger vehicles transport…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Nima Moradi , Niloufar Mirzavand Boroujeni , Navid Aftabi , Amin Aslani

We study a new variant of the well-studied Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW), called the fragility-constrained VRPTW, which assumes that 1) the capacity of a vehicle is organized in multiple identical stacks; 2) all items…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Clément Altman , Guy Desaulniers , Fausto Errico

Problem definition: Motivated by global electrification targets and the advent of electric modular autonomous units (E-MAUs), this paper addresses a robust charging station location and routing-scheduling problem (E-RCRSP) in an inter-modal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Dongyang Xia , Lixing Yang , Yahan Lu , Shadi Sharif Azadeh

The use of electric vehicles (EV) in the last mile is appealing from both sustainability and operational cost perspectives. In addition to the inherent cost efficiency of EVs, selling energy back to the grid during peak grid demand, is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Ajay Narayanan , Prasant Misra , Ankush Ojha , Vivek Bandhu , Supratim Ghosh , Arunchandar Vasan