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We are in the midst of a semi-autonomous era in urban transportation in which varying forms of vehicle autonomy are gradually being introduced. This phase of partial autonomy is anticipated by some to span a few decades due to various…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Hins Hu , Samitha Samaranayake

The abundance of materials and the development of the economy have led to the flourishing of the logistics industry, but have also caused certain pollution. The research on GVRP (Green vehicle routing problem) for planning vehicle routes…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 YY. Feng

Efficiently solving a vehicle routing problem (VRP) in a practical runtime is a critical challenge for delivery management companies. This paper explores both a theoretical and experimental connection between the Capacitated Vehicle Routing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Abdelhakim Abdellaoui , Loubna Benabbou , Issmail El Hallaoui

This paper investigates the scheduling problem of a fleet of electric vehicles, providing mobility as a service to a set of time-specified customers, where the operator needs to solve the routing and charging problem jointly for each EV.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Canqi Yao , Shibo Chen , Mauro Salazar , Zaiyue Yang

With growing interest in sustainable logistics, electric vehicle (EV)-based deliveries offer a promising alternative for urban distribution. However, EVs face challenges due to their limited battery capacity, requiring careful planning for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arindam Khanda , Anurag Satpathy , Amit Jha , Sajal K. Das

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been widely studied throughout its history as a way of optimizing routes by minimizing distances, and the issue of risk in VRP has been received less attention, which is essential to increase transport…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-23 Gabriel Adam Bilato , Cleber Damião Rocco , Anibal Tavares de Azevedo

This paper outlines an exact and a heuristic algorithm for the electric vehicle routing problem with a nonlinear charging function (E-VRP-NL) introduced by Montoya et al. (2017). The E-VRP-NL captures several realistic features of electric…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Yijing Liang , Said Dabia , Zhixing Luo

The capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with structured Time Windows (cVRPsTW) is concerned with finding optimal tours for vehicles with given capacity constraints to deliver goods to customers within assigned time windows. In our problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Christoph Hertrich , Philipp Hungerländer , Christian Truden

In the Cumulative Vehicle Routing Problem (Cu-VRP), we need to find a feasible itinerary for a capacitated vehicle located at the depot to satisfy customers' demand, as in the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), but the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Jingyang Zhao , Mingyu Xiao

This paper presents a new branch-and-cut algorithm based on infeasible path elimination for the three-dimensional loading capacitated vehicle routing problem (3L-CVRP) with different loading problem variants. We show that a previously…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Felix Tamke , Florian Linß , Leopold Kuttner , Udo Buscher

The rapid growth of pharmaceutical refrigerated logistics poses sustainability challenges, including elevated costs, energy consumption, and resource inefficiency. Collaborating multiple depots can enhance logistics efficiency when…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-09 Tingting Chen , Feng Chu , Jiantong Zhang , Jiaqing Sun

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) constitute a core optimization challenge in modern logistics and supply chain management. The recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has demonstrated superior efficiency over some traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiangchi Meng , Jianan Zhou , Jie Gao , Yifan Lu , Yaoxin Wu , Gonglin Yuan , Yaqing Hou

We study the problem of eco-routing Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) to minimize the overall energy consumption costs. Unlike the traditional Charge Depleting First (CDF) approaches in the literature where the power-train control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-04 Arian Houshmand , Christos G. Cassandras

Collaborative Vehicle Routing is where delivery companies cooperate by sharing their delivery information and performing delivery requests on behalf of each other. This achieves economies of scale and thus reduces cost, greenhouse gas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Stephen Mak , Liming Xu , Tim Pearce , Michael Ostroumov , Alexandra Brintrup

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a typical discrete combinatorial optimization problem, and many models and algorithms have been proposed to solve the VRP and its variants. Although existing approaches have contributed a lot to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Bingjie Li , Guohua Wu , Yongming He , Mingfeng Fan , Witold Pedrycz

The vehicle routing problem with drones (VRP-D) is to determine the optimal routes of trucks and drones such that the total operational cost is minimized in a scenario where the trucks work in tandem with the drones to deliver parcels to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Navid Imran , Myounggyu Won

This study proposes a hybrid quantum-classical approach to solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) by integrating the Column Generation (CG) method with the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOAnsatz). The CG method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Wei-hao Huang , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Yu Yamashiro

An approach for mapping an electric vehicle EV driver s travel time constraints and risk taking behavior to real time routing in a probabilistic time-dependent or stochastic network is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach is based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-17 Mohammad Arani , Mohammad Mehdi Rezvani , Hamzeh Davarikia , Yupo Chan

This paper deals with the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with environmental considerations, recently introduced in the literature by [Bektas and Laporte (2011), Transport. Res. B-Meth. 45 (8), 1232-1250].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Raphael Kramer , Anand Subramanian , Thibaut Vidal , Lucídio dos Anjos Formiga Cabral

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a complex optimization problem with numerous real-world applications, mostly solved using metaheuristic algorithms due to its $\mathcal{NP}$-Hard nature. Traditionally, these metaheuristics rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Bachtiar Herdianto , Romain Billot , Flavien Lucas , Marc Sevaux