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This paper presents a simple yet efficient method for an anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). In reality, IDSs can be defined as a one-class classification system, where the normal traffic is the target class. The high diversity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Bahram Mohammadi , Mohammad Sabokrou

Machine Learning (ML)-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) have proven to become a reliable intelligence tool to protect networks against cyberattacks. Network data features has a great impact on the performances of ML-based…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

Most research using machine learning (ML) for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) uses well-established datasets such as KDD-CUP99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017. In this context, the possibilities of machine learning…

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are an increasingly important tool for the prevention and mitigation of cyber attacks. A number of labelled synthetic datasets generated have been generated and made publicly available by…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Siamak Layeghy , Marcus Gallagher , Marius Portmann

Machine Learning (ML) can be incredibly valuable to automate anomaly detection and cyber-attack classification, improving the way that Network Intrusion Detection (NID) is performed. However, despite the benefits of ML models, they are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 João Vitorino , Isabel Praça , Eva Maia

Deep neural networks have been shown to perform well in many classical machine learning problems, especially in image classification tasks. However, researchers have found that neural networks can be easily fooled, and they are surprisingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Huaxia Wang , Chun-Nam Yu

Network intrusion attacks are a known threat. To detect such attacks, network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) have been developed and deployed. These systems apply machine learning models to high-dimensional vectors of features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Yam Sharon , David Berend , Yang Liu , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important tool that identifies potential threats to a network. Recently, different flow-based NIDS designs utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed as potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Loc Gia Nguyen , Kohei Watabe

Adversarial attacks pose significant challenges to Machine Learning (ML) systems and especially Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by subtly manipulating inputs to induce incorrect predictions. This paper investigates whether increasing the layer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mohamed ElShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Adversarial learning of probabilistic models has recently emerged as a promising alternative to maximum likelihood. Implicit models such as generative adversarial networks (GAN) often generate better samples compared to explicit models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Aditya Grover , Manik Dhar , Stefano Ermon

As the number of cyberattacks and their particualr nature escalate, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDS) has become indispensable for ensuring the security of contemporary networks. Adaptive and more sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Soham Chatterjee , Satvik Chaudhary , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are important tools for the protection of computer networks against increasingly frequent and sophisticated cyber attacks. Recently, a lot of research effort has been dedicated to the development…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

As network security threats evolve, safeguarding flow-based Machine Learning (ML)-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) from evasion adversarial attacks is crucial. This paper introduces the notion of feature perturb-ability and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mohamed elShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) play a crucial role in safeguarding network infrastructure against cyberattacks. As the prevalence and sophistication of these attacks increase, machine learning and deep neural network approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mabin Umman Varghese , Zahra Taghiyarrenani

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is a tool that identifies potential threats to a network. Recently, different flow-based NIDS designs utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed as solutions to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Loc Gia Nguyen , Kohei Watabe

Malware detectors based on machine learning (ML) have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial malware examples. However, current methods to generate adversarial malware examples still have their limits. They either rely on detailed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Daniel Gibert , Jordi Planes , Quan Le , Giulio Zizzo

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) detect intrusion attacks in network traffic. In particular, machine-learning-based NIDSs have attracted attention because of their high detection rates of unknown attacks. A distributed processing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Maho Kajiura , Junya Nakamura

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been studied in research for almost four decades. Yet, despite thousands of papers claiming scientific advances, a non-negligible number of recent works suggest that the findings of prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Miel Verkerken , Laurens D'hooge , Bruno Volckaert , Filip De Turck , Giovanni Apruzzese

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks remain a critical threat to Internet services, causing costly disruptions. While machine learning (ML) has shown promise in DDoS detection, current solutions struggle with multi-domain…

While machine learning has significantly advanced Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS), particularly within IoT environments where devices generate large volumes of data and are increasingly susceptible to cyber threats, these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Anass Grini , Oumaima Taheri , Btissam El Khamlichi , Amal El Fallah-Seghrouchni