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Cosmic-ray muons, owing to their high penetration power and abundance, have been widely employed as a natural probe in experimental particle physics. We developed a meter-scale cosmic-ray muon telescope, consisting of two parallel…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-07 Yan Niu , Anqing Wang , Xiangxiang Ren , Dong Liu , Meng Wang

In recent years, muon tomography has turned into a powerful and innovative technique for non-invasive imaging of large and small structures with applications in different areas like geology, archaeology, security, etc. We present the design…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-12-12 J. A. Rengifo , J. L. Bazo

Muon tomography (MT), based on atmospheric cosmic rays, is a promising technique suitable for nondestructive imaging of the internal structures of mountains. This method uses the measured flux distribution after attenuation, combined with…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-27 Bin Zhang , Zhe Wang , Shaomin Chen

A combination of scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fiber, and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) shows an excellent performance in the `$K_{L}$ and $\mu$ detector (KLM)' of the Belle II experiment. In this study, we present the R&D…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-22 Hongyu Zhang , Xiyang Wang , Weihu Ma , Shiming Zou , Deqing Fang , Wanbing He , Xiaolong Wang , Zhen Wang , Rui Yuan , Qibin Zheng

Muon scattering tomography (MST) is a non-destructive technique to image various materials by utilizing cosmic ray muons as probes. A typical MST system with a two-fold track detectors is particularly effective in detecting high-$Z$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-22 Jiahui Chen , Huiling Li , Yiyue Li , Pingcheng Liu

Highly energetic, cosmic-ray muons can easily penetrate a dry storage cask and yield information about the material inside it by making use of the physics of multiple Coulomb scattering. Work by others has shown this information may be used…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-02-01 Zhengzhi Liu , Jason Hayward , Can Liao , Haori Yang

In recent years, there have been ongoing efforts to improve screening technologies to improve security and prevent terrorist threats. The most widely used technologies for scanning shipping containers are gamma and x-ray radiography, which…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-12-19 A. Georgadze

Muon radiography is an imaging technique based on muon absorption in matter that allows measurement of internal details in hidden objects or structures. This technique relies on measuring cosmic-ray muons tracks accurately, which reflects…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-23 Yu Wang , Shubin Liu , Zhihang Yao , Yulin Liu , Zhiyong Zhang , Zhengyang He , Ziwen Pan , Changqing Feng

In cultural heritage conservation, it is increasingly common to rely on non-destructive imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of photons ($X$ or $\gamma$ rays) or neutrons. However, physical and practical issues limit these…

The possibility to build a SiPM-readout muon detector (SiRO), using plastic scintillators with optical fibers as sensitive volume and readout by SiPM photo-diodes, is investigated. SiRO shall be used for tracking cosmic muons based on…

This paper explores the use of cosmic ray muons to image the contents of shielded containers and detect high-Z special nuclear materials inside them. Cosmic ray muons are a naturally occurring form of radiation, are highly penetrating and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-10-09 G. Jonkmans , V. N. P. Anghel , C. Jewett , M. Thompson

For neutrino physics and rare event searches, background related to cosmic muons poses a notable challenge, and must be identified and rejected. It is also a challenge to control the cost with good performance for a large array of cosmic…

X-ray computed tomography (CT) has an indispensable role in constructing 3D images of objects made from light materials. However, limited by absorption coefficients, X-rays cannot deeply penetrate materials such as copper and lead. Here we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-01-29 Burkhant Suerfu , Christopher G. Tully

We report on the construction and upgrade of a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cosmic Muons Detector. We modify the electronics and mechanics to achieve a highly efficient gamma-ray and cosmic-ray detector. Each detector module uses a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-07-25 Abdel G. Bachri , Perry C. Grant , Azriel Goldschmidt

Muon scattering tomography utilises muons, typically originating from cosmic rays to image the interiors of dense objects. However, due to the low flux of cosmic ray muons at sea-level and the highly complex interactions that muons display…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Li Xin Jed Lim , Ziming Qiu

The alignment system for the muon spectrometer of the CMS detector comprises three independent subsystems of optical and analog position sensors. It aligns muon chambers with respect to each other and to the central silicon tracker. System…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-08-27 CMS Collaboration

Among numerous applications of muon tomography, deployment in civil structures has caught attraction of many recently. In this work, the appropriateness of muon scattering tomography to detect defects in concrete structures has been studied…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-03-23 Sridhar Tripathy , Jaydeep Datta , Nayana Majumdar , Supratik Mukhopadhyay

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose detector, designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with 6-m-diameter by…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-06-02 V. I. Klyukhin , N. Amapane , A. Ball , B. Curé , A. Gaddi , H. Gerwig , M. Mulders , V. Calvelli , A. Hervé , R. Loveless

Muon scattering tomography is a non-destructive technique used to image different materials by utilizing natural cosmic ray muons. Typically it requires position-sensitive detectors with a sub-millimeter resolution to effectively…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-02-19 Binghao Sun , Huiling Li , Quanyin Li , Hui Liang , Cong Liu , Hongbo Wang , Zibing Wu , Suyu Xiao , Weiwei Xu

Current radiation portal monitors at sea ports and international borders that employ standard radiation detection techniques are not very sensitive to nuclear contraband that is well shielded to absorb emanating radiation. Muon Tomography…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-17 M. Hohlmann , K. Gnanvo , L. Grasso , J. B. Locke , A. Quintero , D. Mitra