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The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

The sample covariance matrix of a random vector is a good estimate of the true covariance matrix if the sample size is much larger than the length of the vector. In high-dimensional problems, this condition is never met. As a result, in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-11-12 Michael Tsyrulnikov , Arseniy Sotskiy

Parameter estimation has a high importance in the geosciences. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) allows parameter estimation for large, time-dependent systems. For large systems, the EnKF is applied using small ensembles, which may lead to…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-05 Johannes Keller , Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen , Wolfgang Nowak

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is an efficient algorithm for many data assimilation problems. In certain circumstances, however, divergence of the EnKF might be spotted. In previous studies, the authors proposed an…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-08-19 Xiaodong Luo , Ibrahim Hoteit

Ensemble methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are widely used for data assimilation in large-scale geophysical applications, as for example in numerical weather prediction (NWP). There is a growing interest for physical models…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-01 Sylvain Robert , Hans R. Künsch

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter suitable for problems with a large number of variables, such as discretizations of partial differential equations in geophysical models. The EnKF originated as a version of the Kalman…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-01-26 Jan Mandel

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is an important data assimilation method for high dimensional geophysical systems. Efficient implementation of EnKF in practice often involves the localization technique, which updates each component using only…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Xin T. Tong

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a widely used methodology for state estimation in partial, noisily observed dynamical systems, and for parameter estimation in inverse problems. Despite its widespread use in the geophysical sciences,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Claudia Schillings , Andrew M. Stuart

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) belongs to the class of iterative particle filtering methods and can be used for solving control--to--observable inverse problems. In this context, the EnKF is known as Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI). In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Dieter Armbruster , Michael Herty , Giuseppe Visconti

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular technique for performing inference in state-space models (SSMs), particularly when the dynamic process is high-dimensional. Unlike reweighting methods such as sequential Monte Carlo (SMC, i.e.…

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a method for combining a dynamical model with data in a sequential fashion. Despite its widespread use, there has been little analysis of its theoretical properties. Many of the algorithmic innovations…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-17 D. T. B. Kelly , K. J. H. Law , A. M. Stuart

We present a novel sampling-based method for estimating probabilities of rare or failure events. Our approach is founded on the Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for inverse problems. Therefore, we reformulate the rare event problem as an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Fabian Wagner , Iason Papaioannou , Elisabeth Ullmann

The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) was introduced by Evensen in 1994 [10] as a novel method for data assimilation: state estimation for noisily observed time-dependent problems. Since that time it has had enormous impact in many application…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-04-08 Marco A. Iglesias , Kody J. H. Law , Andrew M. Stuart

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) is widely used in inverse problems to estimate system parameters from limited observations. However, the IEnKF, when applied to nonlinear systems, can be plagued by poor convergence. Here we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-11 Jiacheng Wu , Jian-Xun Wang , Shawn C. Shadden

Among the class of nonlinear particle filtering methods, the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) has gained recent attention for its use in solving inverse problems. We review the original method and discuss recent developments in particular in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-06 Michael Herty , Elisa Iacomini , Giuseppe Visconti

This work presents new results and understanding of the Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for inverse problems. In particular, using a Lagrangian dual perspective we show that EnKF can be derived from the sample average approximation (SAA) of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-27 C G Krishnanunni , Jonathan Wittmer , Tan Bui-Thanh , Quoc P. Nguyen

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a popular sequential data assimilation method that has been increasingly used for parameter estimation and forecast prediction in epidemiological studies. The observation function plays a critical role…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-20 Leah Mitchell , Andrea Arnold

This paper develops an efficient implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter based on a modified Cholesky decomposition for inverse covariance matrix estimation. This implementation is named EnKF-MC. Background errors corresponding to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Elias D. Nino , Adrian Sandu , Xinwei Deng

State-of-the-art ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) algorithms require incorporating localization techniques to cope with the rank deficiency and the inherited spurious correlations in their error covariance matrices. Localization techniques…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih , Ibrahim Hoteit

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), as a fundamental data assimilation approach, has been widely used in many fields of the sciences and engineering. When the state variable is of high dimensional accompanied with high resolution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Shouxia Wang , Hao-Xuan Sun , Song Xi Chen
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