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Causal inference from observational data requires assumptions. These assumptions range from measuring confounders to identifying instruments. Traditionally, causal inference assumptions have focused on estimation of effects for a single…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-04 Rajesh Ranganath , Adler Perotte

The proximal causal inference framework enables the identification and estimation of causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding by leveraging two disjoint sets of observed strong proxies: negative control treatments and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Antonio Olivas-Martinez , Peter B. Gilbert , Andrea Rotnitzky

Existing tensor completion formulation mostly relies on partial observations from a single tensor. However, tensors extracted from real-world data are often more complex due to: (i) Partial observation: Only a small subset (e.g., 5%) of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Chaoqi Yang , Navjot Singh , Cao Xiao , Cheng Qian , Edgar Solomonik , Jimeng Sun

The use of observational time series data to assess the impact of multi-time point interventions is becoming increasingly common as more health and activity data are collected and digitized via wearables, social media, and electronic health…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-01 Roy Adams , Suchi Saria , Michael Rosenblum

In prior work we have introduced an asymptotic threshold of sufficient randomness for causal inference from observational data. In this paper we extend that prior work in three main ways. First, we show how to empirically estimate a lower…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-07 Brian Knaeble , Braxton Osting , Placede Tshiaba

In the statistical literature, a number of methods have been proposed to ensure valid inference about marginal effects of variables on a longitudinal outcome in settings with irregular monitoring times. However, the potential biases due to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-23 Janie Coulombe , Erica E M Moodie , Robert W Platt

In this paper, we propose a robust method to estimate the average treatment effects in observational studies when the number of potential confounders is possibly much greater than the sample size. We first use a class of penalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-21 Yang Ning , Sida Peng , Kosuke Imai

The unprecedented global crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked numerous efforts to create predictive models for the detection and prognostication of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the goal of helping health systems allocate…

Decision making in the face of a disaster requires the consideration of several complex factors. In such cases, Bayesian multi-criteria decision analysis provides a framework for decision making. In this paper, we present how to construct a…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-21 Peter Strong , Aditi Shenvi , Xuewen Yu , K. Nadia Papamichail , Henry P Wynn , Jim Q Smith

The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 led to the death of millions of people worldwide. To stave off the spread of the virus, the authorities in the US employed different strategies, including the mask mandate order issued by the states'…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-09 Ali Lafzi , Miad Boodaghi , Siavash Zamani , Niyousha Mohammadshafie , Veeraraghava Raju Hasti

In this work, we contribute the first visual open-source empirical study on human behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to investigate how compliant a general population is to mask-wearing-related public-health policy.…

General Economics · Economics 2023-11-23 Yuxi Heluo , Kexin Wang , Charles W. Robson

Causal inference is best understood using potential outcomes. This use is particularly important in more complex settings, that is, observational studies or randomized experiments with complications such as noncompliance. The topic of this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Donald B. Rubin

Intensive longitudinal data, characterized by frequent measurements across numerous time points, are increasingly common due to advances in wearable devices and mobile health technologies. We consider evaluating causal mediation pathways…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Tianchen Qian

Regular medical records are useful for medical practitioners to analyze and monitor patient health status especially for those with chronic disease, but such records are usually incomplete due to unpunctuality and absence of patients. In…

We propose a method of retrospective counterfactual imputation in panel data settings with later-treated and always-treated units, but no never-treated units. We use the observed outcomes to impute the counterfactual outcomes of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-03 Jason Poulos , Andrea Albanese , Andrea Mercatanti , Fan Li

In this paper we develop statistical methods for causal inference in epidemics. Our focus is in estimating the effect of social mobility on deaths in the Covid-19 pandemic. We propose a marginal structural model motivated by a modified…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-25 Matteo Bonvini , Edward Kennedy , Valerie Ventura , Larry Wasserman

We propose a robust in-time predictor for in-hospital COVID-19 patient's probability of requiring mechanical ventilation. A challenge in the risk prediction for COVID-19 patients lies in the great variability and irregular sampling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Kai Zhang , Siddharth Karanth , Bela Patel , Robert Murphy , Xiaoqian Jiang

When longitudinal outcomes are evaluated in mortal populations, their non-existence after death complicates the analysis and its causal interpretation. Where popular methods often merge longitudinal outcome and survival into one scale or…

This paper introduces a simple framework of counterfactual estimation for causal inference with time-series cross-sectional data, in which we estimate the average treatment effect on the treated by directly imputing counterfactual outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-16 Licheng Liu , Ye Wang , Yiqing Xu