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Randomized controlled trials generate experimental variation that can credibly identify causal effects, but often suffer from limited scale, while observational datasets are large, but often violate desired identification assumptions. To…

Over the years, the most popularly used control chart for statistical process control has been Shewhart's $\bar{X}-S$ or $\bar{X}-R$ chart along with its multivariate generalizations. But, such control charts suffer from the lack of…

Background: Variables in epidemiological observational studies are commonly subject to measurement error and misclassification, but the impact of such errors is frequently not appreciated or ignored. As part of the STRengthening Analytical…

Applying a machine learning model for decision-making in the real world requires to distinguish what the model knows from what it does not. A critical factor in assessing the knowledge of a model is to quantify its predictive uncertainty.…

The application of machine learning to physics problems is widely found in the scientific literature. Both regression and classification problems are addressed by a large array of techniques that involve learning algorithms. Unfortunately,…

The standard quantum error correction protocols use projective measurements to extract the error syndromes from the encoded states. We consider the more general scenario of weak measurements, where only partial information about the error…

There is a considerable amount of ongoing research on the use of Bayesian control charts for detecting a shift from a good quality distribution to a bad quality distribution in univariate and multivariate processes. It is widely claimed…

In camera measurement systems, specialized equipment such as telecentric lenses is often employed to measure parts with narrow tolerances. However, despite the use of such equipment, measurement errors can occur due to mechanical and…

Forecasts of product demand are essential for short- and long-term optimization of logistics and production. Thus, the most accurate prediction possible is desirable. In order to optimally train predictive models, the deviation of the…

This paper addresses the problem of identifying and estimating the causal effect of a treatment in the presence of unmeasured confounding and various types of right-censoring. Examples of these censoring mechanisms are administrative…

The nature and complexity of software have changed significantly in the last few decades. With the easy availability of computing power, deeper and broader applications are made. It has been extremely necessary to produce good quality…

A long-standing question about consumer behavior is whether individuals' observed purchase decisions satisfy the revealed preference (RP) axioms of the utility maximization theory (UMT). Researchers using survey or experimental panel data…

Computable phenotypes are used to characterize patients and identify outcomes in studies conducted using healthcare claims and electronic health record data. Chart review studies establish reference labels against which computable…

In experimental control of quantum systems, the precision is often hindered by imperfect applied electronics that distort control pulses delivered to target quantum devices. To mitigate such error, the deconvolution method is commonly used…

As statistical classifiers become integrated into real-world applications, it is important to consider not only their accuracy but also their robustness to changes in the data distribution. In this paper, we consider the case where there is…

Prediction sets provide a means of quantifying the uncertainty in predictive tasks. Using held out calibration data, conformal prediction and risk control can produce prediction sets that exhibit statistically valid error control in a…

Most scientific disciplines use significance testing to draw conclusions about experimental or observational data. This classical approach provides a theoretical guarantee for controlling the number of false positives across a set of…

Monitoring of project performance is a crucial task of project managers that significantly affect the project success or failure. Earned Value Management (EVM) is a well-known tool to evaluate project performance and effective technique for…

A well-known approach for identifying defect-prone parts of software in order to focus testing is to use different kinds of product metrics such as size or complexity. Although this approach has been evaluated in many contexts, the question…

In machine learning, a bias occurs whenever training sets are not representative for the test data, which results in unreliable models. The most common biases in data are arguably class imbalance and covariate shift. In this work, we aim to…