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We present a Split Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (SVQ-VAE) architecture using a split vector quantizer for NTTS, as an enhancement to the well-known Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Marek Strong , Jonas Rohnke , Antonio Bonafonte , Mateusz Łajszczak , Trevor Wood

Accurate and well-calibrated Machine Learning (ML) models are mandatory in high-stakes settings, yet effective multiclass calibration remains challenging: global approaches assume calibration errors are homogeneous across the latent space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Cesare Barbera , Lorenzo Perini , Giovanni De Toni , Andrea Passerini , Andrea Pugnana

Embedding vectors are widely used for representing unstructured data and searching through it for semantically similar items. However, the large size of these vectors, due to their high-dimensionality, creates problems for modern vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Mariano Tepper , Ted Willke

This paper improves the speaker recognition rates of a MLP classifier and LPCC codebook alone, using a linear combination between both methods. In simulations we have obtained an improvement of 4.7% over a LPCC codebook of 32 vectors and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Daniel Rodriguez-Porcheron , Marcos Faundez-Zanuy

Speech self-supervised pre-training can effectively improve the performance of downstream tasks. However, previous self-supervised learning (SSL) methods for speech, such as HuBERT and BEST-RQ, focus on utilizing non-causal encoders with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Minglun Han , Ye Bai , Chen Shen , Youjia Huang , Mingkun Huang , Zehua Lin , Linhao Dong , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang

We introduce LinearVC, a simple voice conversion method that sheds light on the structure of self-supervised representations. First, we show that simple linear transformations of self-supervised features effectively convert voices. Next, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Herman Kamper , Benjamin van Niekerk , Julian Zaïdi , Marc-André Carbonneau

In recent work on both generative and discriminative score to log-likelihood-ratio calibration, it was shown that linear transforms give good accuracy only for a limited range of operating points. Moreover, these methods required tailoring…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-04-10 Niko Brümmer , Albert Swart , David van Leeuwen

Spatio-temporal forecasting is crucial in various fields and requires a careful balance between identifying subtle patterns and filtering out noise. Vector quantization (VQ) appears well-suited for this purpose, as it quantizes input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chao Chen , Tian Zhou , Yanjun Zhao , Hui Liu , Liang Sun , Rong Jin

We propose a selective encoding model to extend the sequence-to-sequence framework for abstractive sentence summarization. It consists of a sentence encoder, a selective gate network, and an attention equipped decoder. The sentence encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Qingyu Zhou , Nan Yang , Furu Wei , Ming Zhou

This paper discusses three basic blocks for the inference of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Pyramid Vector Quantization (PVQ) is discussed as an effective quantizer for CNNs weights resulting in highly sparse and compressible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Vincenzo Liguori

We propose an end-to-end model based on convolutional and recurrent neural networks for speech enhancement. Our model is purely data-driven and does not make any assumptions about the type or the stationarity of the noise. In contrast to…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Han Zhao , Shuayb Zarar , Ivan Tashev , Chin-Hui Lee

KV cache compression methods have mainly relied on scalar quantization techniques to reduce the memory requirements during decoding. In this work, we apply residual vector quantization, which has been widely used for high fidelity audio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ankur Kumar

We present a neural speech codec that challenges the need for complex residual vector quantization (RVQ) stacks by introducing a simpler, single-stage quantization approach. Our method operates directly on the mel-spectrogram, treating it…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Luis Felipe Chary , Miguel Arjona Ramirez

The majority of quantization methods have been proposed to reduce the model size of Vision Transformers, yet most of them have overlooked the quantization of non-linear operations. Only a few works have addressed quantization for non-linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Gihwan Kim , Jemin Lee , Sihyeong Park , Yongin Kwon , Hyungshin Kim

In this paper we propose a new parameterization algorithm based on nonlinear prediction, which is an extension of the classical LPC parameters. The parameters performances are estimated by two different methods: the Arithmetic-Harmonic…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Mohamed Chetouani , Marcos Faundez-Zanuy , Bruno Gas , Jean-Luc Zarader

Neural audio signal codecs have attracted significant attention in recent years. In essence, the impressive low bitrate achieved by such encoders is enabled by learning an abstract representation that captures the properties of encoded…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Mhd Modar Halimeh , Matteo Torcoli , Philipp Grundhuber , Emanuël A. P. Habets

As a foundational technology for intelligent human-computer interaction, voice conversion (VC) seeks to transform speech from any source timbre into any target timbre. Traditional voice conversion methods based on Generative Adversarial…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhan Yao , Fen Xiao , Xiarun Chen , Jia Liu , YongQiang He , Weiping Wen

This paper proposes a novel framework for rate-adaptive semantic communication based on multi-stage vector quantization (VQ), termed \textit{MSVQ-SC}. Unlike conventional single-stage VQ approaches, which require exponentially larger…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jinsung Park , Junyong Shin , Yongjeong Oh , Jihun Park , Yo-Seb Jeon

Despite being the best known objective for learning speech representations, the HuBERT objective has not been further developed and improved. We argue that it is the lack of an underlying principle that stalls the development, and, in this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Sung-Lin Yeh , Peter Bell , Hao Tang

In this paper, we propose an improved LPCNet vocoder using a linear prediction (LP)-structured mixture density network (MDN). The recently proposed LPCNet vocoder has successfully achieved high-quality and lightweight speech synthesis…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-03 Min-Jae Hwang , Eunwoo Song , Ryuichi Yamamoto , Frank Soong , Hong-Goo Kang