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Electric endurance racing is characterized by severe energy constraints and strong aerodynamic interactions. Determining race-winning policies therefore becomes a fundamentally multi-agent, game-theoretic problem. These policies must…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Wytze de Vries , Erik van den Eshof , Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents a novel planning and control strategy for competing with multiple vehicles in a car racing scenario. The proposed racing strategy switches between two modes. When there are no surrounding vehicles, a learning-based model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Suiyi He , Jun Zeng , Koushil Sreenath

With the evolution of self-driving cars, autonomous racing series like Roborace and the Indy Autonomous Challenge are rapidly attracting growing attention. Researchers participating in these competitions hope to subsequently transfer their…

This paper presents model predictive control strategies for battery electric endurance race cars accounting for interactions with the competitors. In particular, we devise an optimization framework capturing the impact of the actions of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Moriggi , Francesco Braghin , Mauro Salazar

This work presents a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) algorithm that aims at minimizing an economic criteria based on the total energy consumption of a range extender electric vehicle (REEV). This algorithm integrates information from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 K. Aouchiche , J. Frederic Bonnans , Giovanni Granato , Hasnaa Zidani

This paper presents a convex optimization framework to compute the minimum-lap-time control strategies of all-wheel drive (AWD) battery electric race cars, accounting for the grip limitations of the individual tyres. Specifically, we first…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-14 Stan Broere , Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents two complementary frameworks to optimize Formula 1 race strategies, jointly accounting for energy allocation, tire wear and pit stop timing. First, the race scenario is modeled using lap time maps and a dynamic tire wear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 Giona Fieni , Joschua Wüthrich , Marc-Philippe Neumann , Mohammad M. Moradi , Christopher H. Onder

This paper presents a hierarchical planning algorithm for racing with multiple opponents. The two-stage approach consists of a high-level behavioral planning step and a low-level optimization step. By combining discrete and continuous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Georg Jank , Matthias Rowold , Boris Lohmann

High-speed multi-agent autonomous racing demands robust spatiotemporal planning and precise control under strict computational limits. Current methods often oversimplify interactions or abandon strict kinematic constraints. We resolve this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mingyi Zhang , Cheng Hu , Yiqin Wang , Haotong Qin , Hongye Su , Lei Xie

This paper presents an energy and thermal management system for electric race cars, where we tune a lift-off-throttle signal for the driver in real-time to respect energy budgets and thermal constraints. First, we compute the globally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Erik van den Eshof , Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents a bi-level optimization framework to compute the maximum-distance race strategies for a fully electric endurance race car, whilst accounting for the low-level vehicle dynamics and the thermal limitations of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Jorn van Kampen , Thomas Herrmann , Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar

Increasing attention to autonomous passenger vehicles has also attracted interest in an autonomous racing series. Because of this, platforms such as Roborace and the Indy Autonomous Challenge are currently evolving. Electric racecars face…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-29 Thomas Herrmann , Francesco Passigato , Johannes Betz , Markus Lienkamp

This paper presents a longitudinal slip control system for a rear-wheel-driven electric endurance race car. The control system integrates Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) to optimize the traction and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Wytze de Vries , Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents a modeling and optimization framework to compute the minimum-lap-time spatial trajectory and powertrain operation of racing cars in a computationally efficient fashion. Specifically, we first derive a quasi-steady-state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Erik van den Eshof , Wytze de Vries , Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents a global trajectory optimization framework for minimizing lap time in autonomous racing under uncertain vehicle dynamics. Optimizing the trajectory over the full racing horizon is computationally expensive, and tracking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Youngim Nam , Jungbin Kim , Kyungtae Kang , Cheolhyeon Kwon

The automation of passenger vehicles is becoming more and more widespread, leading to full autonomy of cars within the next years. Furthermore, sustainable electric mobility is gaining in importance. As racecars have been a development…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Thomas Herrmann , Fabian Christ , Johannes Betz , Markus Lienkamp

This paper presents a bi-level optimization framework to compute the maximum-distance stint and charging strategies for a fully electric endurance race car. Thereby, the lower level computes the minimum-stint-time Powertrain Operation (PO)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Jorn van Kampen , Thomas Herrmann , Mauro Salazar

In this work, we present a rigorous end-to-end control strategy for autonomous vehicles aimed at minimizing lap times in a time attack racing event. We also introduce AutoRACE Simulator developed as a part of this research project, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Chinmay Vilas Samak , Tanmay Vilas Samak , Sivanathan Kandhasamy

Widespread development of driverless vehicles has led to the formation of autonomous racing, where technological development is accelerated by the high speeds and competitive environment of motorsport. A particular challenge for an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Sam Garlick , Andrew Bradley

In this paper we propose a hierarchical controller for autonomous racing where the same vehicle model is used in a two level optimization framework for motion planning. The high-level controller computes a trajectory that minimizes the lap…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 José L. Vázquez , Marius Brühlmeier , Alexander Liniger , Alisa Rupenyan , John Lygeros
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