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Transformer-based language models are widely deployed for reasoning, yet their behavior under inference-time stochasticity remains underexplored. While dropout is common during training, its inference-time effects via Monte Carlo sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Antônio Junior Alves Caiado , Michael Hahsler

The breakthrough of deep Q-Learning on different types of environments revolutionized the algorithmic design of Reinforcement Learning to introduce more stable and robust algorithms, to that end many extensions to deep Q-Learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mohammed Sabry , Amr M. A. Khalifa

It is important to understand how the popular regularization method dropout helps the neural network training find a good generalization solution. In this work, we show that the training with dropout finds the neural network with a flatter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zhongwang Zhang , Hanxu Zhou , Zhi-Qin John Xu

As the scale and size of the data increases significantly nowadays, federal learning (Bonawitz et al. [2019]) for high performance computing and machine learning has been much more important than ever before (Abadi et al. [2016]). People…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yanchong Zheng

Training expressive flow-based policies with off-policy reinforcement learning is notoriously unstable due to gradient pathologies in the multi-step action sampling process. We trace this instability to a fundamental connection: the flow…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yixian Zhang , Shu'ang Yu , Tonghe Zhang , Mo Guang , Haojia Hui , Kaiwen Long , Yu Wang , Chao Yu , Wenbo Ding

Dropout as a regularization technique is widely used in fully connected layers while is less effective in convolutional layers. Therefore more structured forms of dropout have been proposed to regularize convolutional networks. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Liqi Wang , Qiya Hu

Dropout is typically interpreted as bagging a large number of models sharing parameters. We show that using dropout in a network can also be interpreted as a kind of data augmentation in the input space without domain knowledge. We present…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-01-11 Xavier Bouthillier , Kishore Konda , Pascal Vincent , Roland Memisevic

This paper proposes a hardware-oriented dropout algorithm, which is efficient for field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation. In deep neural networks (DNNs), overfitting occurs when networks are overtrained and adapt too well to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Yoeng Jye Yeoh , Takashi Morie , Hakaru Tamukoh

Large data collections required for the training of neural networks often contain sensitive information such as the medical histories of patients, and the privacy of the training data must be preserved. In this paper, we introduce a dropout…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-06 Beyza Ermis , Ali Taylan Cemgil

Deep learning has become the state-of-art tool in many applications, but the evaluation and training of deep models can be time-consuming and computationally expensive. The conditional computation approach has been proposed to tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-11 Emmanuel Bengio , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

Stateful policies play an important role in reinforcement learning, such as handling partially observable environments, enhancing robustness, or imposing an inductive bias directly into the policy structure. The conventional method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Firas Al-Hafez , Guoping Zhao , Jan Peters , Davide Tateo

This paper introduces two novel modifications to the Dynamic sAmpling Policy Optimization (DAPO) algorithm [1], approached from a mixed-policy perspective. Standard policy gradient methods can suffer from instability and sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hongze Tan , Yuchen Li

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models particularly in mathematics. Current approaches in this domain present a clear trade-off:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Batuhan K. Karaman , Aditya Rawal , Suhaila Shakiah , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Mingyi Hong , Arijit Biswas , Ruida Zhou

Continual learning aims to alleviate catastrophic forgetting when handling consecutive tasks under non-stationary distributions. Gradient-based meta-learning algorithms have shown the capability to implicitly solve the transfer-interference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xiaohan Zou , Tong Lin

Policy gradient methods hold great potential for solving complex continuous control tasks. Still, their training efficiency can be improved by exploiting structure within the optimization problem. Recent work indicates that supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jan Schneider , Pierre Schumacher , Simon Guist , Le Chen , Daniel Häufle , Bernhard Schölkopf , Dieter Büchler

The Backprop algorithm for learning in neural networks utilizes two mechanisms: first, stochastic gradient descent and second, initialization with small random weights, where the latter is essential to the effectiveness of the former. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Shibhansh Dohare , Richard S. Sutton , A. Rupam Mahmood

Plasticity loss, a critical challenge in neural network training, limits a model's ability to adapt to new tasks or shifts in data distribution. This paper introduces AID (Activation by Interval-wise Dropout), a novel method inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sangyeon Park , Isaac Han , Seungwon Oh , Kyung-Joong Kim

This paper aims to document an effective way to improve multimodal co-learning by using aggressive modality dropout. We find that by using aggressive modality dropout we are able to reverse negative co-learning (NCL) to positive co-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Nicholas Magal , Minh Tran , Riku Arakawa , Suzanne Nie

While the use of deep learning in drug discovery is gaining increasing attention, the lack of methods to compute reliable errors in prediction for Neural Networks prevents their application to guide decision making in domains where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Isidro Cortes-Ciriano , Andreas Bender

Dropout is a standard training technique for neural networks that consists of randomly deactivating units at each step of their gradient-based training. It is known to improve performance in many settings, including in the large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Lénaïc Chizat , Pierre Marion , Yerkin Yesbay
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