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Variational inference relies on flexible approximate posterior distributions. Normalizing flows provide a general recipe to construct flexible variational posteriors. We introduce Sylvester normalizing flows, which can be seen as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-21 Rianne van den Berg , Leonard Hasenclever , Jakub M. Tomczak , Max Welling

Doubly intractable distributions arise in many settings, for example in Markov models for point processes and exponential random graph models for networks. Bayesian inference for these models is challenging because they involve intractable…

Computation · Statistics 2019-04-03 Jaewoo Park , Murali Haran

In this paper we propose a new deterministic approximation method, called discretization approximation, for Bayesian computation. Discretization approximation is very simple to understand and to implement, It only requires calculating…

Computation · Statistics 2026-01-13 Shifeng Xiong

Bridge sampling is an effective Monte Carlo method for estimating the ratio of normalizing constants of two probability densities, a routine computational problem in statistics, physics, chemistry, and other fields. The Monte Carlo error of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-11 Lazhi Wang , David E. Jones , Xiao-Li Meng

Reflected diffusions in polyhedral domains are commonly used as approximate models for stochastic processing networks in heavy traffic. Stationary distributions of such models give useful information on the steady state performance of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-24 Amarjit Budhiraja , Jiang Chen , Sylvain Rubenthaler

Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact likelihood evaluation. While these models have already found various applications in particle physics, normalizing flows are not flexible enough to model many of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Rob Verheyen

Variational inference with normalizing flows (NFs) is an increasingly popular alternative to MCMC methods. In particular, NFs based on coupling layers (Real NVPs) are frequently used due to their good empirical performance. In theory,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Daniel Andrade

In this paper, we suggest a novel sampling method for Monte Carlo molecular simulations. In order to perform efficient sampling of molecular systems, it is advantageous to avoid extremely high energy configurations while also retaining the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-07-18 Katsuhiro Endo , Daisuke Yuhara , Kenji Yasuoka

Estimating density ratios between pairs of intractable data distributions is a core problem in probabilistic modeling, enabling principled comparisons of sample likelihoods under different data-generating processes across conditions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Egor Antipov , Alessandro Palma , Lorenzo Consoli , Stephan Günnemann , Andrea Dittadi , Fabian J. Theis

Normalizing flows have shown great promise for modelling flexible probability distributions in a computationally tractable way. However, whilst data is often naturally described on Riemannian manifolds such as spheres, torii, and hyperbolic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-10 Emile Mathieu , Maximilian Nickel

We present a novel technique for amortized posterior estimation using Normalizing Flows trained with likelihood-weighted importance sampling. This approach allows for the efficient inference of theoretical parameters in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Rajneil Baruah

We derive a fully analytical, one-line closed-form expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the product of two correlated zero-mean normal random variables, avoiding any series representation. This result complements the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Erdinc Akyildirim , Alper Hekimoglu

In industrial manufacturing processes, errors frequently occur at unpredictable times and in unknown manifestations. We tackle the problem of automatic defect detection without requiring any image samples of defective parts. Recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Marco Rudolph , Tom Wehrbein , Bodo Rosenhahn , Bastian Wandt

We propose a general purpose Bayesian inference algorithm for expensive likelihoods, replacing the stochastic term in the Langevin equation with a deterministic density gradient term. The particle density is evaluated from the current…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-14 Richard D. P. Grumitt , Biwei Dai , Uros Seljak

We introduce a novel framework for efficient sampling from complex, unnormalised target distributions by exploiting multiscale dynamics. Traditional score-based sampling methods either rely on learned approximations of the score function or…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-04 Paula Cordero-Encinar , Andrew B. Duncan , Sebastian Reich , O. Deniz Akyildiz

Continuously-indexed flows (CIFs) have recently achieved improvements over baseline normalizing flows on a variety of density estimation tasks. CIFs do not possess a closed-form marginal density, and so, unlike standard flows, cannot be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-16 Anthony Caterini , Rob Cornish , Dino Sejdinovic , Arnaud Doucet

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) construct invertible mappings between an arbitrary complex distribution and an isotropic Gaussian distribution using Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (neural ODEs). It has not been tractable on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Shian Du , Yihong Luo , Wei Chen , Jian Xu , Delu Zeng

Normalizing flows model complex probability distributions by combining a base distribution with a series of bijective neural networks. State-of-the-art architectures rely on coupling and autoregressive transformations to lift up invertible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

Normalizing flows have grown more popular over the last few years; however, they continue to be computationally expensive, making them difficult to be accepted into the broader machine learning community. In this paper, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Achintya Gopal

The recent introduction of machine learning techniques, especially normalizing flows, for the sampling of lattice gauge theories has shed some hope on improving the sampling efficiency of the traditional HMC algorithm. Naive use of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-12-06 David Albandea , Luigi Del Debbio , Pilar Hernández , Richard Kenway , Joe Marsh Rossney , Alberto Ramos