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There is a recent trend of applying multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to train an agent that can cooperate with humans in a zero-shot fashion without using any human data. The typical workflow is to first repeatedly run self-play…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Weilin Liu , Botian Xu , Hao Tang , Jiaqi Yang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

A pervasive challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the "curse of dimensionality" which is the exponential growth in the state-action space when optimizing a high-dimensional target task. The framework of curriculum learning trains the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Interactive grasping from clutter, akin to human dexterity, is one of the longest-standing problems in robot learning. Challenges stem from the intricacies of visual perception, the demand for precise motor skills, and the complex interplay…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Malte Mosbach , Sven Behnke

Self-play is an unsupervised training procedure which enables the reinforcement learning agents to explore the environment without requiring any external rewards. We augment the self-play setting by providing an external memory where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Shagun Sodhani , Vardaan Pahuja

In curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL), an agent incrementally accumulates knowledge over a sequence of tasks (i.e., a curriculum), and the learning process is aimed at using the accumulated knowledge to finally solve a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yongyan Wen , Siyuan Li , Mingjian Fu , Yiqin Yang , Xun Wang , Peng Liu

Federated learning promises significant sample-efficiency gains by pooling data across multiple agents, yet incentive misalignment is an obstacle: each update is costly to the contributor but boosts every participant. We introduce a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ariel D. Procaccia , Han Shao , Itai Shapira

A natural goal in multiagent learning besides finding equilibria is to learn rationalizable behavior, where players learn to avoid iteratively dominated actions. However, even in the basic setting of multiplayer general-sum games, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Yuanhao Wang , Dingwen Kong , Yu Bai , Chi Jin

In collaborative goal-oriented settings, the participants are not only interested in achieving a successful outcome, but do also implicitly negotiate the effort they put into the interaction (by adapting to each other). In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Philipp Sadler , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

In hierarchical reinforcement learning a major challenge is determining appropriate low-level policies. We propose an unsupervised learning scheme, based on asymmetric self-play from Sukhbaatar et al. (2018), that automatically learns a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Emily Denton , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber

Despite advances in Reinforcement Learning, many sequential decision making tasks remain prohibitively expensive and impractical to learn. Recently, approaches that automatically generate reward functions from logical task specifications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Yash Shukla , Abhishek Kulkarni , Robert Wright , Alvaro Velasquez , Jivko Sinapov

Throughout scientific history, overarching theoretical frameworks have allowed researchers to grow beyond personal intuitions and culturally biased theories. They allow to verify and replicate existing findings, and to link is connected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Daniel Hernandez , Kevin Denamganai , Sam Devlin , Spyridon Samothrakis , James Alfred Walker

Learning in games has been widely used to solve many cooperative multi-agent problems such as coverage control, consensus, self-reconfiguration or vehicle-target assignment. One standard approach in this domain is to formulate the problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Abbasali Koochakzadeh , Yasin Yazıcıoğlu

Learning in games provides a powerful framework to design control policies for self-interested agents that may be coupled through their dynamics, costs, or constraints. We consider the case where the dynamics of the coupled system can be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Mostafa M. Shibl , Vijay Gupta

Training general agents to follow complex instructions (tasks) in intricate environments (levels) remains a core challenge in reinforcement learning. Random sampling of task-level pairs often produces unsolvable combinations, highlighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Charles Pert , Frederik Kelbel , Alex F. Spies , Alessandra Russo , Michael Dennis

The number of agents can be an effective curriculum variable for controlling the difficulty of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks. Existing work typically uses manually defined curricula such as linear schemes. We identify two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenshuai Zhao , Zhiyuan Li , Joni Pajarinen

Learning in a multi-agent system is challenging because agents are simultaneously learning and the environment is not stationary, undermining convergence guarantees. To address this challenge, this paper presents a new gradient-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Xinliang Song , Tonghan Wang , Chongjie Zhang

A key challenge for reinforcement learning (RL) consists of learning in environments with sparse extrinsic rewards. In contrast to current RL methods, humans are able to learn new skills with little or no reward by using various forms of…

Non-uniform goal selection has the potential to improve the reinforcement learning (RL) of skills over uniform-random selection. In this paper, we introduce a method for learning a goal-selection policy in intrinsically-motivated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Erik M. Lintunen , Nadia M. Ady , Christian Guckelsberger

Cooperative artificial intelligence with human or superhuman proficiency in collaborative tasks stands at the frontier of machine learning research. Prior work has tended to evaluate cooperative AI performance under the restrictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Keane Lucas , Ross E. Allen