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The expected level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in a finite ideal population at equilibrium is of relevance for many applications in population and quantitative genetics. Several recursion formulae have been proposed during the last…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-04-19 Ulrike Ober , Alexander Malinowski , Martin Schlather , Henner Simianer

We consider estimating the Shannon entropy of a discrete distribution $P$ from $n$ i.i.d. samples. Recently, Jiao, Venkat, Han, and Weissman, and Wu and Yang constructed approximation theoretic estimators that achieve the minimax $L_2$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Yanjun Han , Jiantao Jiao , Tsachy Weissman

We introduce an iterative discrete information production process where we can extend ordered normalised vectors by new elements based on a simple affine transformation, while preserving the predefined level of inequality, G, as measured by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-17 Lucio Bertoli-Barsotti , Marek Gagolewski , Grzegorz Siudem , Barbara Żogała-Siudem

We propose a risk-averse statistical learning framework wherein the performance of a learning algorithm is evaluated by the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of losses rather than the expected loss. We devise algorithms based on stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Tasuku Soma , Yuichi Yoshida

We propose a multilevel stochastic approximation (MLSA) scheme for the computation of the value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) of a financial loss, which can only be computed via simulations conditionally on the realisation of…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-14 Stéphane Crépey , Noufel Frikha , Azar Louzi

We consider the problems of estimation and optimization of two popular convex risk measures: utility-based shortfall risk (UBSR) and Optimized Certainty Equivalent (OCE) risk. We extend these risk measures to cover possibly unbounded random…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sumedh Gupte , Prashanth L. A. , Sanjay P. Bhat

We address the problem of estimating the expected shortfall risk of a financial loss using a finite number of i.i.d. data. It is well known that the classical plug-in estimator suffers from poor statistical performance when faced with…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-13 Daniel Bartl , Stephan Eckstein

This paper applies the Extreme-Value (EV) Generalised Pareto distribution to the extreme tails of the return distributions for the S&P500, FT100, DAX, Hang Seng, and Nikkei225 futures contracts. It then uses tail estimators from these…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2011-03-30 John Cotter , Kevin Dowd

We study a non-concave optimization problem in which a financial company maximizes the expected utility of the surplus under a risk-based regulatory constraint. For this problem, we consider four different prevalent risk constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-22 An Chen , Mitja Stadje , Fangyuan Zhang

In this paper, we investigate the Lambda Value-at-Risk ($\Lambda$VaR) under ambiguity, where the ambiguity is represented by a family of probability measures. We establish that for increasing Lambda functions, the robust (i.e., worst-case)…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-04 Peng Liu , Alexander Schied

We introduce an equilibrium asset pricing model, which we build on the relationship between a novel risk measure, the Expected Downside Risk (EDR) and the expected return. On the one hand, our proposed risk measure uses a nonparametric…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2015-12-08 Mihaly Ormos , Dusan Timotity

Unsupervised performance estimation, or evaluating how well models perform on unlabeled data is a difficult task. Recently, a method was proposed by Garg et al. [2022] which performs much better than previous methods. Their method relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Muhammad Maaz , Rui Qiao , Yiheng Zhou , Renxian Zhang

A new semi-parametric Expected Shortfall (ES) estimation and forecasting framework is proposed. The proposed approach is based on a two-step estimation procedure. The first step involves the estimation of Value-at-Risk (VaR) at different…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-16 Giuseppe Storti , Chao Wang

In this paper, we establish the stochastic ordering of the Gini indexes for multivariate elliptical risks which generalized the corresponding results for multivariate normal risks. It is shown that several conditions on dispersion matrices…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-17 Xuehua Yin , Dan Zhu , Chuancun Yin

At the core of most random utility models (RUMs) is an individual agent with a random utility component following a largest extreme value Type I (LEVI) distribution. What if, instead, the random component follows its mirror image -- the…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-24 Richard T. Carson , Derrick H. Sun , Yixiao Sun

Many reinforcement learning (RL) problems admit multiple terminal solutions of comparable quality, where the goal is not to identify a single optimum but to represent a diverse set of high-quality outcomes. Nevertheless, policies trained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Abhijeet Sinha , Sundari Elango , Dianbo Liu

The probability of necessity (PN), which quantifies the probability that an observed event would not have occurred in the absence of the treatment, is a central estimand in attribution analysis. While PN has been extensively studied for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Jile Chaoge , Kesen Han , Fahui Liu , Peng Wu

We propose a novel strategy for multivariate extreme value index estimation. In applications such as finance, volatility and risk present in the components of a multivariate time series are often driven by the same underlying factors, such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Joni Virta , Niko Lietzén , Lauri Viitasaari , Pauliina Ilmonen

We introduce the price probability measure {\eta}(p;t) that defines the mean price p(1;t), mean square price p(2;t), price volatility {\sigma}p2(t)and all price n-th statistical moments p(n;t) as ratio of sums of n-th degree values C(n;t)…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-04-23 Victor Olkhov

Under general multivariate regular variation conditions, the extreme Value-at-Risk of a portfolio can be expressed as an integral of a known kernel with respect to a generally unknown spectral measure supported on the unit simplex. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Robert Yuen , Stilian Stoev , Dan Cooley
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