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Real-world autonomous decision-making systems, from robots to recommendation engines, must operate in environments that change over time. While deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown an impressive ability to learn optimal policies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jonathan Clifford Balloch

The focus of education is increasingly set on learners' ability to regulate their own learning within technology-enhanced learning environments (TELs). Prior research has shown that self-regulated learning (SRL) leads to better learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Xinyu Li , Yizhou Fan , Tongguang Li , Mladen Rakovic , Shaveen Singh , Joep van der Graaf , Lyn Lim , Johanna Moore , Inge Molenaar , Maria Bannert , Dragan Gasevic

Reinforcement learning (RL) makes an agent learn from trial-and-error experiences gathered during the interaction with the environment. Recently, offline RL has become a popular RL paradigm because it saves the interactions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Chen Gong , Zhou Yang , Yunpeng Bai , Junda He , Jieke Shi , Kecen Li , Arunesh Sinha , Bowen Xu , Xinwen Hou , David Lo , Tianhao Wang

We present a framework for evaluating adaptive personalization of educational reading materials with theory-grounded simulated learners. The system builds a learning-objective and knowledge-component ontology from open textbooks, curates it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ryan T. Woo , Anmol Rao , Aryan Keluskar , Yinong Chen

Effective study strategies fail when preparatory tasks consume learning time. While AI educational tools demonstrate efficacy, understanding how they align with self-regulation needs in authentic study contexts remains limited. We conducted…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hongming Li , Salah Esmaeiligoujar , Nazanin Adham , Hai Li , Rui Huang

Adaptive learning is an area of educational technology that consists in delivering personalized learning experiences to address the unique needs of each learner. An important subfield of adaptive learning is learning path personalization:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Jean Vassoyan , Jill-Jênn Vie , Pirmin Lemberger

The increasing complexity of deep neural networks poses significant barriers to democratizing them to resource-limited edge devices. To address this challenge, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as a promising solution by of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zheng Lin , Guanqiao Qu , Wei Wei , Xianhao Chen , Kin K. Leung

Advances in language modeling have paved the way for novel human-AI co-writing experiences. This paper explores how varying levels of scaffolding from large language models (LLMs) shape the co-writing process. Employing a within-subjects…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Paramveer S. Dhillon , Somayeh Molaei , Jiaqi Li , Maximilian Golub , Shaochun Zheng , Lionel P. Robert

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is crucial for college students navigating increased academic demands and independence. Insufficient SRL skills can lead to disorganized study habits, low motivation, and poor time management, undermining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wentao Ge , Yuqing Sun , Ziyan Wang , Haoyue Zheng , Weiyang He , Piaohong Wang , Qianyu Zhu , Benyou Wang

Training large language models with reinforcement learning (RL) against verifiable rewards significantly enhances their reasoning abilities, yet remains computationally expensive due to inefficient uniform prompt sampling. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ruiqi Zhang , Daman Arora , Song Mei , Andrea Zanette

Multi-fidelity Reinforcement Learning (RL) frameworks efficiently utilize computational resources by integrating analysis models of varying accuracy and costs. The prevailing methodologies, characterized by transfer learning, human-inspired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Akash Agrawal , Christopher McComb

Skill-based reinforcement learning (SBRL) enables rapid adaptation in environments with sparse rewards by pretraining a skill-conditioned policy. Effective skill learning requires jointly maximizing both exploration and skill diversity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Geonwoo Cho , Jaemoon Lee , Jaegyun Im , Subi Lee , Jihwan Lee , Sundong Kim

Behavioral models are the key enablers for behavioral analysis of Software Product Lines (SPL), including testing and model checking. Active model learning comes to the rescue when family behavioral models are non-existent or outdated. A…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Shaghayegh Tavassoli , Carlos Diego Nascimento Damasceno , Mohammad Reza Mousavi , Ramtin Khosravi

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have become indispensable tools in artificial intelligence, empowering agents to acquire optimal decision-making policies through interactions with their environment and feedback mechanisms. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Ergon Cugler de Moraes Silva

This study investigates teachers design behaviors and cognitive underpinnings when designing multi-agent instructional workflows. Analyzing behavioral logs (N=61), cluster and Markov analyses identified three archetypes: Systematic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yimeng Sun , Haiyang Xin , Shuang Li , Qiannan Niu , Ching Sing Chai , Lingyun Huang , Gaowei Chen

Learning how to learn efficiently is a fundamental challenge for biological agents and a growing concern for artificial ones. To learn effectively, an agent must regulate its learning speed, balancing the benefits of rapid improvement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Valentina Njaradi , Rodrigo Carrasco-Davis , Peter E. Latham , Andrew Saxe

Previous research on organizations often focuses on either the individual, team, or organizational level. There is a lack of multidimensional research on emergent phenomena and interactions between the mechanisms at different levels. This…

General Economics · Economics 2022-03-18 Dario Blanco-Fernandez , Stephan Leitner , Alexandra Rausch

Background: Traditional research on collaborative learning scaffolding is often time-consuming and resource-heavy, which hinders the rapid iteration and optimization of instructional strategies. LLM-based multi-agent systems have recently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Wua , Lishan Zhang , Chunming Lu

The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in K-12 education highlights the need for psychometrically-tested measures of teachers' AI literacy. Existing work has primarily relied on either self-report (SR) or objective-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shan Zhang , Ruiwei Xiao , Anthony F. Botelho , Guanze Liao , Thomas K. F. Chiu , John Stamper , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Primary and secondary education is a crucial stage to build a strong foundation before diving deep into specialised subjects in colleges and universities. To excel in the current education system, students are required to have a deep…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-08-31 Junhua Liu , Lionell Loh , Ernest Ng , Yijia Chen , Kristin L. Wood , Kwan Hui Lim