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Real-world reinforcement learning (RL) environments, whether in robotics or industrial settings, often involve non-visual observations and require not only efficient but also reliable and thus interpretable and flexible RL approaches. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Moritz Lange , Noah Krystiniak , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Wolfgang Konen , Laurenz Wiskott

The adaptation of teaching slides to instructors' situated teaching needs, including pedagogical styles and their students' context, is a critical yet time-consuming task for educators. Through a series of educator interviews, we first…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Binglin Liu , Yucheng Wang , Zheyuan Zhang , Jiyuan Lu , Shen Yang , Daniel Zhang-Li , Huiqin Liu , Jifan Yu

We need to look at our shoelaces as we first learn to tie them but having mastered this skill, can do it from touch alone. We call this phenomenon "sensory scaffolding": observation streams that are not needed by a master might yet aid a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Edward S. Hu , James Springer , Oleh Rybkin , Dinesh Jayaraman

One of the enduring challenges in education is how to empower students to take ownership of their learning by setting meaningful goals, tracking their progress, and adapting their strategies when faced with setbacks. Research has shown that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ryan Hare , Ying Tang

Adolescence is marked by strong creative impulses but limited strategies for structured expression, often leading to frustration or disengagement. While generative AI lowers technical barriers and delivers efficient outputs, its role in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zhejing Hu , Yan Liu , Zhi Zhang , Gong Chen , Bruce X. B. Yu , Junxian Li , Jiannong Cao

Learning analytics systems increasingly integrate large language models (LLMs) to provide adaptive scaffolding in complex learning environments, yet personalization is often driven by global instructional choices rather than principled…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fatma Betul Gures , Tanya Nazaretsky , Tanja Kaser

It is quite popular nowadays for researchers and data analysts holding different datasets to seek assistance from each other to enhance their modeling performance. We consider a scenario where different learners hold datasets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-15 Jiawei Zhang , Yuhong Yang , Jie Ding

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly improved through interaction, yet most self-evolution methods adapt either the policy or the learning environment in isolation. We identify this structural gap as \emph{Agent-Environment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihao Hu , Zhihao Wen , Xiujin Liu , Pan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Wu

Autonomous robots operating in open and changing environments cannot always rely on predefined inputs, outputs, and action routines. Although existing learning methods enable robots to improve their performance through environmental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hong Su

Despite its rise as a prominent solution to the data inefficiency of today's machine learning models, self-supervised learning has yet to be studied from a purely multi-agent perspective. In this work, we propose that aligning internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Julius Taylor , Eleni Nisioti , Clément Moulin-Frier

The capacity of an embodied agent to understand, predict, and interact with its environment is fundamentally contingent on an internal world model. This paper introduces a novel framework for investigating the formation and adaptation of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Brennen Hill

Reinforcement learning agents can achieve super-human performance in complex decision-making tasks, but their behaviour is often difficult to understand and explain. This lack of explanation limits deployment, especially in safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Daniel Beechey , Thomas M. S. Smith , Özgür Şimşek

Adaptive learning aims to stimulate and meet the needs of individual learners, which requires sophisticated system-level coordination of diverse tasks, including modeling learning resources, estimating student states, and making…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Qingyang Zhong , Jifan Yu , Zheyuan Zhang , Yiming Mao , Yuquan Wang , Yankai Lin , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang

Behavior Trees (BTs) provide a structured and reactive framework for decision-making, commonly used to switch between sub-controllers based on environmental conditions. Reinforcement Learning (RL), on the other hand, can learn near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Finn Rietz , Mart Kartašev , Petter Ögren , Johannes A. Stork

Supporting learners during Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) is a necessity. Existing studies have compared scaffolds with maximal and minimal instructional support by studying their effects on learning and behaviour. However, our…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kester Wong , Feng Shihui , Sahan Bulathwela , Mutlu Cukurova

Humans intuitively solve complex problems by flexibly shifting among reasoning modes: they plan, execute, revise intermediate goals, resolve ambiguity through associative judgment, and apply formal procedures to well-specified subproblems.…

This paper investigates the impact of mechanism design on collaborative learning systems enabled by federated learning (FL). We propose a multi-action collaborative federated learning (MCFL) framework, capturing the interplay between agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Meng Qi , Mingxi Zhu

Sample efficiency has been a key issue in reinforcement learning (RL). An efficient agent must be able to leverage its prior experiences to quickly adapt to similar, but new tasks and situations. Meta-RL is one attempt at formalizing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Seyed Roozbeh Razavi Rohani , Saeed Hedayatian , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) holds a potential to advance existing educational technologies with capabilities to automatically generate personalised scaffolds that support students' self-regulated learning (SRL). While…

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) can be an efficient way to train systems with analogous agents by enabling ``Student'' agents to learn from the demonstrations of the most experienced ``Teacher'' agent, instead of training their policy in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Emma Clark , Kanghyun Ryu , Negar Mehr